Free Essays on Human Resorce Menagement

A Comparison of Training and Development Programs In today’s workforce, preparing and improvement frameworks or projects have become basic highlights. These frameworks regularly have assorted objectives. Maybe, the essential target is to give another worker the abilities important to enough play out their activity. Indeed, even school graduates should for the most part be shown the particular assignments that will be required in the individual association. Improvement issues are likewise unmistakable over the span of an employee’s residency with an organization. At the point when new innovations become accessible the representatives must get preparing so as to gain proficiency with extra aptitudes. Given the various legitimate guidelines by which workers must behave, preparing and improvement in such issues as segregation and suitable direct between the two genders may forestall costly claims. Moreover, via preparing laborers to be socially touchy, they become more qualified to worldwide trade (Stumpf, Watson, and Rust ogi, 1994). Proper techniques for keeping up security additionally gets imperative material in preparing and advancement frameworks in word related workstations that are possibly danger. In this manner, in the case of preparing and improvement comprise of an office or an individual, most associations will decide such a need existing in their organization. Lamentably, a few organizations regularly want to curtail preparing programs despite the fact that the drawn out effect might be unfortunate (â€Å"Feeling Frugal,?2002). The motivation behind this paper is to inspect chosen preparing and improvement programs in different organizations, taking note of positive and negative highlights. Preparing and improvement frameworks don't generally include the workers of an association. It might likewise incorporate the preparation of sellers or clients. No place is this all the more obviously fundamental then in associations that sell muddled or specialized items. While numerous things might be bought with instructional manuals or instructional sheets, other expert... Free Essays on Human Resorce Menagement Free Essays on Human Resorce Menagement A Comparison of Training and Development Programs In today’s workforce, preparing and advancement frameworks or projects have become basic highlights. These frameworks regularly have various objectives. Maybe, the essential goal is to give another worker the abilities important to enough play out their activity. Indeed, even school graduates should by and large be shown the particular assignments that will be required in the individual association. Advancement issues are likewise noticeable throughout an employee’s residency with an organization. At the point when new advances become accessible the workers must get preparing so as to get familiar with extra aptitudes. Given the various legitimate guidelines by which workers must act, preparing and improvement in such issues as segregation and fitting behavior between the two genders may forestall costly claims. Moreover, via preparing laborers to be socially touchy, they become more qualified to worldwide business (Stumpf, Watson, and Rustogi, 1994). Suitable technique s for keeping up wellbeing additionally gets imperative material in preparing and improvement frameworks in word related workstations that are conceivably danger. Hence, in the case of preparing and advancement comprise of a division or an individual, most associations will decide such a need existing in their organization. Sadly, a few organizations regularly want to reduce preparing programs despite the fact that the drawn out effect might be awful (â€Å"Feeling Frugal,?2002). The reason for this paper is to look at chosen preparing and improvement programs in different organizations, taking note of positive and negative highlights. Preparing and improvement frameworks don't generally include the workers of an association. It might likewise incorporate the preparation of merchants or clients. No place is this all the more plainly important then in associations that sell confounded or specialized items. While numerous things might be bought with instructional manuals or instructi onal sheets, other professional...

Essay Writing Guidelines - How to Write a Good Essay

Essay Writing Guidelines - How to Write a Good EssayIf you are considering an essay, you are probably looking for a guideline on what criteria to use for essay writing. Well, there is only one guideline to follow and that is a good essay is always a combination of good research and writing skills. There is no standard way to write a great essay, as each writer has his own style. However, if you want to maximize your essay writing opportunities, you have to prepare yourself by making use of the following guidelines.Before you begin writing your paper, you should choose the topic which will be your subject matter and that will also form the basis of your good essay. You have to choose the topic that is easy to remember, and has some practical relevance. So, if you have decided to write about the art of origami, you have to choose something that is easy to recall and memorize.After selecting your topic, you need to outline your general idea first. You have to establish the focus of your paper in order to avoid redundant ideas. After that, you can start writing your paper, but make sure that the idea you have set down is something you really believe in and has good logic behind it.The next step in preparing a good essay is to choose the appropriate topic which suits your topic of research. You can choose a topic that is related to your subject and the one that has been researched thoroughly. For example, if you are researching about origami, your topic can be origami designs, whereas if you are researching on popular books and literature, your topic can be reading classic literature or the book reviews that you have kept at home.After you have chosen your topic, you can now start organizing your essay. Organizing your essay means that you have to come up with a rough draft and then organize it according to your topic. So, before writing the actual paper, you can review your essay draft and then make alterations where necessary.Another important step in organizing y our essay is to note down all the interesting points that you may want to include in your paper. Make a list of topics that are more interesting than the others, and write down the relevant information. It is important to emphasize these interesting points in your paper.After you have organized the topics and the real points of your paper, you can now compose the body of your paper. Make sure that you list down the important points and write them down in order. It is important to remember that the sentences that you are composing are always longer than the main body of your paper.As you compose your paper, you need to keep reminding yourself to take things slowly. Never rush to finish the paper in a day. Although composing a good essay may be an easy task, you have to use the correct combination of all these guidelines in order to come up with a good essay.

Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution

Heather Toneff 11/13/03 Zapata and the Mexican Revolution The Zapatistas were rebel bunches under the standard of Emiliano Zapata. A man of nearby ties in the territory of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata battled for local people. He started as a free warrior, attempting to recover land that had been unjustifiably and shamefully taken from different local people. These terrains were under the standard of haciendas, and these haciendas were possessed by rich individuals. The possibility that appeared to have developed all through the rule of Dictator Porfirio Diaz was that the rich ought to reserve a privilege to everything so as to be more extravagant and to give a wealthier economy to Mexico itself. Seeing the treachery in this issue, Emiliano Zapata in the end took matters from a state level to a national level. Luckily for himself, Zapata was trusted by his adherents; all things considered, he was one of them. Tragically, Zapata learned in a somewhat hard way that not every person can be trusted, and the individuals who appear to be reliable pre sumably are even more averse to merit trust. Zapata and his adherents can be complimented for their consistent commitment to their motivation, in spite of the fact that not every one of them. Be that as it may, they figured out how to persevere through 10 years of fight, with just around one year of apparently rest and harmony in the satiate of Morelos. Zapata is viewed as the most well known progressive of all in the Revolution. He began with his own states individuals, and with his prosperity and the regard he worked for himself, he had the option to acquire support from different gatherings. Because of redundant surprise to Zapata by the new president Madero, Zapata pulled back all past help to the system and with the assistance of Otilio Montaã ±o, a teacher from Ayala, he and his devotees built up the Play de Ayala (Meyer, 494). This arrangement would end up being the reason for which Zapata and the Zapatistas stood. The Plan de Ayala accommodated agrarian change for the residents and residents that had recently lost them to wealthier substances. This motiv... Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution Heather Toneff 11/13/03 Zapata and the Mexican Revolution The Zapatistas were rebel bunches under the standard of Emiliano Zapata. A man of nearby ties in the territory of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata battled for local people. He started as a free contender, attempting to recover land that had been unreasonably and shamefully taken from different local people. These grounds were under the standard of haciendas, and these haciendas were possessed by rich individuals. The possibility that appeared to have developed all through the rule of Dictator Porfirio Diaz was that the rich ought to reserve a privilege to everything so as to be more extravagant and to give a wealthier economy to Mexico itself. Seeing the foul play in this issue, Emiliano Zapata in the long run took matters from a state level to a national level. Luckily for himself, Zapata was trusted by his adherents; all things considered, he was one of them. Lamentably, Zapata learned in a somewhat hard way that not every person can be trusted, and the individuals who appear to be dependa ble most likely are even more averse to merit trust. Zapata and his adherents can be recognized for their steady dedication to their motivation, despite the fact that not every one of them. Be that as it may, they figured out how to persevere through 10 years of fight, with just around one year of apparently rest and harmony in the satiate of Morelos. Zapata is viewed as the most celebrated progressive of all in the Revolution. He began with his own states individuals, and with his prosperity and the regard he worked for himself, he had the option to acquire support from different gatherings. Because of dreary surprise to Zapata by the new president Madero, Zapata pulled back all past help to the system and with the assistance of Otilio Montaã ±o, a teacher from Ayala, he and his adherents built up the Play de Ayala (Meyer, 494). This arrangement would end up being the reason for which Zapata and the Zapatistas stood. The Plan de Ayala accommodated agrarian change for the locals and residents that had recently lost them to wealthier elements. This motiv...

Examine Hobbes proposition that people need governed - Free Essay Example

The debate surrounding our original state of nature or species being has been hotly contested by scholars for centuries and remains a pivotal line of enquiry in contemporary pedagogic circles. In societies across the globe we observe entire populations governed by (religious) laws and practices designed to manage, control and otherwise police the boundaries of individualism whilst accentuating solidarity and protecting the collective norm (Stiglitz 2003). In this essay, we explore the various conceptions that have sought to trace and detail the genealogy of human beings to their primordial or so-called primitive condition, with particular emphasis on exploring Hobbes (2008) proposition that the disposition of human nature is chaos and thus, as humans, we are compelled to forgo our instinctual nature and find sanctuary within the realms of social collectivism and central governance. In this vein, we confront the age-old nature versus nature conundrum; are we social and moral animals by design, altruistic in nature, or does civilisation transpire from egotistical obligation to co-operate in order to thrive. As ever-increasing demands are placed on social-scientific research to maintain pace with an ever-changing world, it is commonplace for scholars to forget the (historical) dictums of our primal beginnings; such investigations are often marginalised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" afforded little time, finance and credence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in a world seeking solutions to contemporary problems (Benton and Craib 2010). Yet, to paraphrase Marx (1991), the ghosts of the past weigh heavy on the minds of the living; understanding our roots may become the greatest social discovery and contribution to forging our future as human beings. Thus, social science, by definition and direction, is arguably obsessed with the social constructs that humans generate, frequently dismissing (perhaps through arrogance) the undeniable fact that we remain animals, imbued with the same instinctual drives and impulses as other species. Indeed, one need only observe the effect of social neglect in the case of feral children, unfettered by societal constraints we return to barely recognisable beasts, uncivilised and unconcerned by social pretentions, decorum, normative expectations and values (Candland 1996). For Hobbes (2008) humankind in its original state of being is an evil scourge upon the earth; a ruthless and egotistical creature perpetuated by self-gain and absolute dominance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a survival of the fittest nightmare (Trivers 1985). Thus, paralleling the works of Plato (2014), he asserts that the individual, possessing the principle of reason, must sacrifice free-will to preserve their ontological wellbeing, acquired resources, property and way of life or what he calls a commodious living (78). As Berger and Luckmann (1991) argue, we willingly accept soc ial captivity as it offers a protective blanket from the otherwise harsh conditions; a remission from the barbarism and bloodshed that transpired previously. This led Hobbes (2008: 44) to assert that people need governed under a social contract or mutual agreement of natural liberty; the promise to not pillage, rape or slaughter was reciprocated and later crystallised and enforced by the state or monarch. Indeed, whilst his belief in the sovereigns traditional (rather than divine) right to rule was unwavering, he was certain that a despotic kingdom would not ensue as reason would triumph over narcissism. In response, Socrates (cited in Johnson 2011) hypothesised that justice was an inherent attribute where humans sought peace as a process of self-fulfilment of regulating the soul not because of fear or retribution; to paraphrase: the just man is a happy man (102). The state would therefore stand as a moral citadel or vanguard against the profane. Similarly, Locke (2014) rejects the nightmarish depiction offered by Hobbes (2008), asserting a romanticised state of natureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" permeated with Gods compassion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" whereby humans seek liberty above all; not individual thrill-seekers but rather banded by familial bonds and communes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a pre-political conjugal society possessing parochial values, norms and voluntary arrangements. However, he also appreciated that, without the presence of a central regulatory organisation, conflict could easily emerge and continue unabated. Hence, humanity ascends into a civil contract, the birth of the political, as a means of protecting the status quo of tranquillity, prosperity and ownership. Similarly, Rousseau (2015) also proposes a quixotic rendition of   humanities social origins, considering such times as simplistic or mechanical (Durkheim 1972) inasmuch as populations were sparse, resources abundant and needs basic, implying that individuals where altruistic by nature and morally pure. Yet, the ascension of state, particularly the mechanisms of privatisation, polluted and contorted humankinds natural state into something wicked that not only coaxed but promoted tendencies of greed, selfishness and egocentrism. In this account, we find strong parallels with Marx (1991), specifically his critique of capitalism, which is conceptualised as a sadistic mechanism tearing humanity from its species-being the world of idiosyncratic flare, enchantment and cultural wonder à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and placing it into a rat-race of alienation (from ones fellow being), exploited labour and inequality. As Rousseau (2015) ably contends: man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains (78). Thus, government and the liberalism it allegedly promotes is a farce, seeking to keep the architectural means to create the social world within the possession of a minority à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this he calls the current naturalized social contract. He calls for a new social order premis ed on consensus, reason and compassion; we must reconnect with ourselves, re-engage with our neighbours and discover who we are as a species. The supposition of our philosophical ancestors is that we require governance as a process of realisation, we are social animals that demand and reciprocate encounters with others; alongside the impulse for sustenance and shelter is the yearning for social contact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" indeed love and belonging are included in Maslows (2014) hierarchy of needs. Yet, within many philosophical transcripts is the deployment of religion as a legitimate form of authority, since antiquity monarchs, pharaohs, dynasties and early tribal formations have claimed power through divine right or approval. In fact, conviction in a celestial realm has pervaded for epochs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" carved in millennia-old cave paintings around the globe (Stiglitz 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and perhaps emerged from an enchanted, speculative and awe-inspired outlook of the world in which our ancestors occupied; religion complemented the life-cycle, delineating the sacred from the profane (Foucault 1975). As Schluchter (1989) argues, later missionaries would propagate their dogma; a prime example of this is the upsurge, dissemination and (even today) domination of Christianity as it overran its pagan predecessors, witchdoctors and mystics. Thus, religion has been attributed with generating social mores, collectivism and ushering the rise of civilisations. Indeed, Elias (2000), details the social evolution of humanity as the animalistic fades to the backstage with the gradual monopolisation of violence and (political) power and presented civil self takes credence. Initially, this was necessary for survival as people became more interdependent and significantly influenced later by the royal courts who became a celebrity-like beacon of perfect decorum and taste. By the 19th century, most of Europe was regarded as civilised whilst other developing pa rts where considered savage lands; the violence, exploitation and subsequent domination of such nations as India and Africa by western societies is well documented (Buckinx and Treto-Mathys 2015). As Elias puts it: people were forced to live in peace (2000, 99). This was also accompanied with the advent of Enlightenment whereby the rule of logic, rationalisation and pragmatism disrobed and effectively dismantled the prevailing supremacy of religion; though religion remains a powerful force in certain cultures and is frequently accompanied with its own medieval brutality. As Anderson (2008) alludes, in Africa and the middle-east, where Christianity, Judaism and Islam prevail and to varying degrees dominate life, purported barbaric acts like (female) genital mutilation, segregation, and (domestic) violence that affects mainly women and public violence and executions are commonplace and sanctioned. Thus, secularisation and the rise of empiricism unshackled humankind from its beast ly beginnings and rehomed them within the embracing idioms of consensus, free-will and reciprocal courteousness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" humans had undergone a transformation or courtisation whereby mannerisms, hygiene and self-restraint became governing tenants, the barbarian was adorned (concealed) with socially acceptable masks, equipped with approved social scripts and the rules of the game à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Goffmans (1990) social actor and his/her presented selves was born. In this conceptualisation,   self-governance or policing is prerequisite for progress and forms the basis for society; enhanced with consciousness we are capable of resisting our impulsive drives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Freuds (2010) Eros and Thantos are forsaken for the greater good à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and creating a utilitarian civilisation. Today, in late-capitalist societies, we live in relative prosperity and peace; the elected government and its respective agencies provide sustenance, infrastructure, healt hcare, protection and political democracy; this template of humanity is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" like our religious proselytisers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" distributed globally, perpetuated by the mass media, globalisation and free-markets (Stiglitz 2013). For Nietzsche (2013), this contemporary worldview was tantamount to emptiness where humanity had escaped their animalistic state of being, finding virtue in religion and will-to-power within to overcome and ascend, but is now found wanting with the demise of faith and contemporary nihilism that has proceeded (his famous God is dead (13) quote). Indeed, he is dismissive of science, philosophical and religious idioms, particularly their totalitarian tendencies which (for him) inhibit, enslave or otherwise surrender life-affirming behaviours; similarities may be drawn with Marx and Engels (2008) critique of religion as the sigh of the oppressed creature (45); religion (like governments or social contracts) demands that individuals relinquish o r capitulate part of themselves; to genuflect the laws, tenets and values that rule. Such things seek to (re)capture or incarcerate our species being within a straightjacket. Therefore, humanity must re-engage their instinctual resolve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which Nietzsche (2014) regarded as stronger than our urge for sex or survival à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and become supermen (ÃÆ'Å“bermensch) untrammelled by instinct, to find wonder in the fluidity and unpredictability of nature and good conscience by re-evaluating our values, expectations and shortcomings as a species. Namely, a stateless civilisation, unhindered by permanency, premised on the continual refinement of self. Yet, whilst Nietzsche (2014) highlights the stifling effects of dogma, it seems unrealistic to suggest humans are capable of living in constant flux à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" even a war-torn nation offer consistency (Stiglitz 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" insofar as we instinctually seek to structure the surrounding environment in a comprehendible manner; we assign labels, judgements and behavioural codes as we produce order à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" predictability is the precondition for life and offers humans ontological security and wellbeing (Berger and Luckmann 1991). However, given the asymmetrical nature of society, some possess the architectural means to govern others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" reformulated as a form of symbolic violence or barbarism. For example, the credence given to hegemonic masculinities and subsequent denigration and objectification of women or the subjugation of nations to western ideals (Mulvey and Rogers 2015). Moreover, the free-markets offered by capitalism seek to segregate, exploit and captivate masses into a consumerist world of shiny prizes (Marcuse 2002), coaxing our selfish and cut-throat tendencies, whilst so-called liberalist governments attempt to impose their civility globally through violence, bullying and manipulation; a wolf in sheeps clothing (Kinker 2014). So, even unde r the rule of government and presence of civilisations our so-called animalistic (violent) heritage pervades, like a ghostly presence haunting the present. Hobbes (2008) reasons for why individuals need governed to cage our inner beast seems defective. As Walsh and Teo (2014) allude, a major fault with many of the propositions outlined above is the emphasis placed on linearity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" government is seen as a progressive necessity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" rather than appreciating that as social creatures we are capable of creating communities with their own normative flows, ebbs, fluxes and (more importantly) governing ourselves both as matter of necessity or self-preservation and as a means of self-fulfilment or belonging; contemporary modes of practice have become so integrated and reified that finding a parallel alternative or a way back seems implausible. That said, as Browning (2011) argues, in an increasingly interdependent and global world, the requirement for centra lised states seems unavoidable to handle the sheer mass of human activity and to maintain a level of equilibrium; an inevitable course of human progress. This essay has been both illuminating and simultaneously problematic; the proposition of whether humans are capable of cohabiting without the requirement of a state or intervening supra-organisation remains a mystery.   In fact, such an assertion is premised on how one defines the original state of nature; are we barbaric creatures who engage in a social contract for personal gain or are we instinctually social and empathic animals whose predisposition is not only to safeguard our interests but to generate genuine communal bonds and interconnections with others. The latter affords more manoeuvring for alternative (flexible) social figurations without government, where humanity can bask in the wonder of difference, variety and levels of unpredictability, whilst the former finds sanctuary only in the incarceration of h umanity to defined idioms and laws imposed by a centre of authority and power. It is tempting to concede that, despite Hobbes depiction of government as the epitome of civility, on the contrary it appears to be (in this era of modernity) the primary agent of (symbolic) violence and struggle, whether masquerading as a religious, communist or neo-liberal state. Thus, one is reluctant to accept Hobbes assertion that people should be governed by a reified or separate entity. Instead, with a level of Nietzschean sentiment, perhaps people should be permitted and empowered to re-evaluate and govern themselves. Word Count: (2,195) Bibliography Anderson, J. 2008.Religion, State and Politics. Cambridge University Press. Benton, T.Craib, I. 2010. 2ndedition.Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of SocialThought (Traditions in Social Theory).Palgrave Macmillan. Berger, P.Luckmann, T. 1991.The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge(Penguin Social Sciences).Penguin Press. Browning, G. 2011.Global Theory from Kant toHardtandNegri(International Political Theory).Palgrave Macmillan. Buckinx, B. Trejo-Mathys, J. 2015.Domination and Global Political Justice: Conceptual, Historical and Institutional Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy).Routledge. Candland, D. 1996.Feral Children and Clever Animals: Reflections on Human Nature.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯Oxford University Press. Durkheim, E. 1972.Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, ed. and trans. Giddens, A. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Elias, N. 2000. 2ndedition.The Civilisation Proces s.Wiley-Blackwell. Foucault, M. 1975.Discipline Punish:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯The Birth of the Prison.Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Freud, S. 2010.Civilization and Its Discontents.Martino Fine Books. Goffman, I. 1990.Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.Penguin Press. Hobbes, T. 2008.Leviathan (Oxford Worlds Classics).Oxford Paperbacks. Johnson, P. 2011.Socrates: A Man for Our Times. Penguin Publishers. Kinker, S. 2014.The Critical Window: The State and Fate ofHumanity.Oxford University Press. Locke, J. 2014.Two Treatises of Government.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Marcuse, H. 2002.One Dimensional Man.Routledge. Marx, K. Engels, F. 2008.On Religion. Penguin Press. Marx, K. 1991.Capital, ed. Mandel, E. Volume 3. Penguin Books (Classics): London. Maslow, A. 2014.Toward a Psychology of Being.Sublime Books. Mulvey, L. Rogers, A. 2015.Feminisms: Diversity, Difference and Multiplicity in Contemporary Film Cultures (Key Debates Mutations and Appropriations in European Film Studies).Amsterdam University Press. Nietzsche, F. 2014.Beyond good and evil. Penguin Press. Nietzsche, F. 2013.On the Genealogy of Morals. Penguin Press. Plato. 2014.The Republic. Reprint.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Rousseau, J. 2015.The Social Contract.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Schluchter, W. 1989.Rationalism, Religion, and Domination: A Weberian Perspective.University of California Press. Stiglitz, J. 2003.Globalization and Its Discontents.Penguin Press. Trivers, R. 1985.Social Evolution. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co. Walsh, R.Teo, T. 2014.A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology: Diversity of Context, Thought, and Practice.Cambridge University Press.

10 Easy-to-Follow Short Story Writing Tips

For those who have never tried it, many think that writing a short story is easier than writing a novel. After all, it’s short, right? Only a few thousand words, not sixty or seventy thousand words like in novels. However, the low word count is what makes writing short stories difficult, especially in fiction where you need to introduce the setting, the plot, and the characters quickly, without the luxury of having the time to lay out complicated backstories. Fortunately, many authors have struggled trying to write short stories. Over time and through experience, they have developed some guidance on how to do it. Here are 10 easy-to-follow tips for writing short stories: 1. The Right Title As with any writer trying to get published, it’s not enough to be a good writer. You also have to get the attention of a publisher or agent who will be interested. That’s why an eye-catching, intriguing title is so important. Avoid one or two-word titles, which may seem like you’re taking the easy way out. 2. Keep a Short Story Short This sounds obvious, but writers tend to go on and on, striving for better scene descriptions or character development. Most short story contests have word limits, but many publications don’t. Experience shows that less than about 3,500 words is best. 3. Think Ahead Given the limited word count, make sure and have some basic information worked out before writing. This allows you to write your fiction tightly and focused. Damon Knight, in his book Creating Short Fiction: The Classic Guide to Writing Short Fiction, recommends that at least four of these five questions be fleshed out before writing: (a) who’s the story about; (b) why are the characters doing what they’re doing; (c) what’s the story about; (d) where’s the story set; and (e) when does it take place? 4. Settings Settings should be lightly developed. No windy paragraphs and pages without end developing the setting, like James Michener does in his fantastic historical fiction. Michener has over a hundred thousand words to work with, and you don’t. 5. Get to It Readers and publisher like stories begin en media res (starting in the middle of the action, rather than from the beginning). This technique words particularly well with short stories, allowing you to parse in the other needed setting information and background as the story continues. 6. Point of View Try to stick to one character’s point of view. If you need more, try not to use more than one in a given scene. Shifting points of view slow down the reader and distract the reader from the story; in short fiction all the reader’s attention is needed due to the sparse scene setting and fast pace. 7. Deep Character Development Short stories simply don’t allow time for thorough character development. There’s no time for peeking into a character’s complex thoughts and complicated motives. 8. Action Since there’s little time for character development, characters are defined by action. Actions can replace words to provide more information about characters. Similarly, dialogue is also a great tool to show more about characters. 9. Active Language Action is important, so use active language to describe it. Avoid the wordy passive phrase, and there’s no time for adverbs ending in â€Å"ly†. For example, a character should â€Å"stalk† someone rather than â€Å"follow slowly†; or â€Å"shout† rather than â€Å"yell angrily†. 10. Finish Strong In short stories, there’s little room for contemplating what has happened or why it has happened. End your short story with a bang. Save the best for last with a dramatic ending that lingers in the reader’s mind.

A Brave New World by Aldoux Huxley - 548 Words

Imagine that by taking one magic pill, you could be at the top of your world. With one pill, you could find complete happiness and unmatched physical fulfillment. In his novel, Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses the drug Soma, to give the characters all of the benefits of fulfillment, both physically and spiritually, yet ironically, as the drug plays out its role, the â€Å"fulfillment† leaves its consumer empty. The drug, Soma, is used almost a comically large amount, as the characters take a gramme anytime they feel like an uncomfortable situation is approaching. In Chapter 3, Henry Foster forcefully pressures Bernard Marx into taking Soma, â€Å"All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects† (Huxley 54). Preceding this, it was agreed by a few of the characters that Marx was looking glum. It was being explained to him how this perfect drug was engineered and it was described as euphoric, narcotic, and pleasantly hallucinant. â€Å"Take a holiday from reality whenever you like, and come back without so much as a headache or a mythology† (Huxley 54). Soma gives you the joy that you would experience through Christianity, or possibly by being drunk, though it only lasts while you are high. Once they come down from the effects of drug, they don’t have any of the symptoms of a hangover, but they return back to the sad, controlled lifestyle that makes t hem want to take Soma in the first place. If the characters are not on Soma, they are just as brainless, if not more

GUCCI brand history free essay sample

1881 Guccio Gucci was born to a family of a straw-hat maker in Florence, Italy. As a teenager he was an immigrant in London. At the end of the 19th ad the beginning of the 20th centuries London attracted a lot of creative and progressive people because it was one of the biggest megacities with urban infrastucture, industrialization and population over one million. Gucci was impressed with the luxurious luggage he saw urbane guests bring with them. 1921 Guccio establishes his own store , that sells fine leather goods of high quality. This decision was supported by the following factors: distinguished materials and skilled artisans and favourable geographical location of Florence (historically, a lot of wealthy aristocratic families dwelled around Florence). Counting on the interest of the nobility in horse-ridding, Gucci started making his products with themes of horse ammunition, and the snaffle became the most recognized symbol of the incipient brand. Benito Mussolini, who came to power, assured: the new government will provide complete freedom of private enterprise and abandon intervention in the private sector [1] and it became a pushing point for private business. 1933 Aldo Gucci, now working for his father, designs the first incarnation of the iconic double-G Gucci logo, inspired by his father’s initials and shape of stirrups. At that time a design school Bauhaus, which combined the principles of modernism and functionalism, influenced many spheres of life. It was a starting point for commercial art and Cucci brand development. 1935 Italian dictator Mussolini orders the invasion of Ethiopia, leading the League of Nations to impose an international trade embargo on his country. Gucci was forced to branch out into other items: shoes, wallets, and belts. Leather supplies are short, so he begins making bags out of a specially woven Tuscan canapa, with a leather trim and printed with the double-G logo. To this day, the diamond-print Canapa bag remains one of the most instantly recognizable Gucci products. 1945 Gucci business survived during times of Word War II due to their inventive and foreseeing policy. At the end of World War II, Gucci’s folding Suiter bags (canapa sacks with a built-in clothes hanger) become popular with the British military officers occupying Rome. 1947 Gucci produces its first iconic bamboo-handled bag. After World War II , countries the world over were rationing resources. That was especially true in Europe, where artisans at Gucci were being pressured to find materials that weren’t subject to restriction to use in their designs. Bamboo cane could still be imported from Japan, and Gucci craftsman developed a patented method to heat and bend the bamboo in such a way that it would retain its shape once cooled and affixed to a handbag. 1949 After war international trade connections are increasing and Gucci represents its brand on European trade fairs. While on a trip to a London trade fair, he meets a Scottish tanner who will provide the brindled pigskin that will become another Gucci trademark. â€Å"The first spotted pigskin was actually a mistake,† fashion journalist Sara Gay Forden will later write.[2] 1952 Legions of wealthy American consumers were eager to spend their new income on status sybols. Gucci’s fine Florentine workmanship and equestrian details offered a taste of the exotic to the women who might only recently have traveled abroad for the first time. Aldo Gucci travels to New York with his brothers, they set up Guci Shops Inc., and open the first American store. The company enters the globalization process. 1953 Guccis founder Guccio Gucci dies and the company is split into three parts among his sons. Despite the conflict, this separation leads to brands further development. 1954 As Rome enters the Dolce Vita era of postwar prosperity (and the jet set descend on the city), Gucci builds a reputation as a favorite of European society. While starring in Roberto Rossellini’s Viaggio in Italia (Journey to Italy), out this year, a young Ingrid Bergman can be seen carrying a bamboo-handled Gucci umbrella and bag. This can be considered one of the first cases of  «product placement » for Gucci. The Gucci house crest becomes a registered trademark. 1960  «La dolce vita  » by Federico Fellini, was hailed as one of the most widely seen and acclaimed European movies of the 1960s.It was nominated for four Academy Awards. This event attracted more public attention to Italian fashion 1962 The New York Times declares Gucci’s bamboo-handled bag as the  «new fashion status symbol »[3]. 1966 Pop culture of 60s finds reflection in Gucci designs. With the help of painter Vittorio Accornero, Rodolfo designs Gucci’s famous Flora silk print scarf for Princess Grace of Monaco, collaborating features of Hippie culture with the demands of upper-class clients. 1967 Aldos son, Paolo designs Gucci’s first ready-to-wear looks in conjunction with a new line of suitcases. 1968 The original Gucci loafer was updated by a destinctive snuffle-bit ornament,and were beeing sold at $35. The shoes became an affordable status symbol, particularly among young female professionals. It was successful marketing step for wide spreading of Guccis trend in public. 1969 Gucci presents its first full ready-to-wear-collection at Rome’s Alta Moda fashion week. 1970 Disco culture gains popularity and affects public lifestyle. Disco clubs and parties dictate their new fashion rules.Gucci expands its ready-to-wear collection to eveningwear. Some fabrics—such as the glittering brown velvet of one minidress—have Gs worked right into them. 1975 Gucci No. 1, the brand’s first scent, debuts- another marketing step to populiarize the the brand. 1985 Due to reduction of brand prestige, the company aim to streamline the production, which is now burdened with a dizzying number of products and licensing agreements. â€Å"We’ve gone from 10,000 handbags a year to something like 700,000.†[4] 1988 The Gucci family sells its estimated 48.7 percent share in Guccio Gucci SpA to Bahrain-based investment bank Investcorp. Maurizio, who retains his 50 percent share, stays on as chairman and primary shareholder. 1990 Tom Ford appeared in the Gucci house, designing menswear, as well as shoes and handbags. 1994 Tom Ford is named a creative director. 1995 Pop culture of 90s tends to bring sexusal and vain images to clothing. Tom Ford has an amazing premonition of lifestyle changings and creates his fall/winter 1995 collection which wins raves from critics for its cool, sexed-up take on 1960s mod—an aesthetic that harks back to Gucci’s salad days. Madonna was weraing one of the Fords silk blouses and velvet hip-huggers MTV Music Awards.Someone asked Madonna on camera what she was wearing and she said:  «Gucci, Gucci, Gucci »[5]. It was a turning point in the Gucci history, the brand became successful after the years of oblivion thanks to Toms talent. 1996 Bernard Arnault’s luxury conglomerate, LVMH, makes a bid to take over Gucci Group. Ford forms a strategic alliance with French holding company Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR). 2003 PPR buys a controlling stake in Gucci Group. 2004 Ford shows his final collection for Gucci. A reviewer calls it  «a fabulous farewell  » [6], PPR announces that men’s and women’s collections will now be designed by a team of three former design assistants—Alessandra Facchinetti for womenswear, John Ray for menswear, and Frida Giannini for accessories. Gucci stores in the United States break their own one-day sales record, pulling in nearly $4 million in a single day. 2005 Weeks after her second show, Alessandra Facchinetti, who stayed close to the Ford look, resigns. Partly as reward for the success of her line of floral accessories done up in the Flora motif Gucci had designed for Princess Grace in the 1960s, Frida Giannini promoted to creative director for women’s ready-to-wear. September: Giannini shows her first collection in Milan. Her feminine silhouettes and colorful prints strike a noticeable contrast to Ford’s sleek, monochrome aesthetic. 2006 Gianni adds another title, creative director of menswear. 2009 The Jackie bag relaunched yet again, this time as the New Jackie. 2011 Gucci opens its own museum inside Florence’s Palazzo della Mercanzia, only steps from the Galleria dell’Accademia, which houses Michelangelo’s David.

Negative Body Image free essay sample

A study showed that women experience an average of 13 negative thoughts about their body each day, while 97% of women admit to having at least one â€Å"I hate my body† moment each day (raderprograms). Teens today are faced with many pressures: how they dress, who their friends are, who they are going to date, and most importantly, what they look like. In today’s society, body image is more than just the mental picture a person has of what their body looks like. For many, body image is also a reflection of how they feel about themselves and their lives. People with a negative body image believe that if they do not look right, other things, such as their personality, intelligence, social skills, or capabilities, also are not right. They think that if they fix their bodies, all their other problems will disappear. This can result in unhealthy weight management practices and an unhealthy relationship with food. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Body Image or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People excessively diet and exercise out of fear of gaining weight. The media today portrays stick thin women with beautiful faces and size 0 bodies, but the truth is, the majority of runway models meet the Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria to be considered anorexic (raderprograms). When influenced by role models like these, teenagers start to feel inferior if they do not look the same. In turn, when put under the pressure of women in the media, teenagers will most likely develop a negative body image, eating or mood disorder, or other unhealthy addictions if they feel their bodies do not â€Å"measure up† to those of women portrayed. Negative body image is a serious issue that can be greatly influenced by today’s media. Body image refers to a person’s feelings about how attractive their body is. Celebrities like Kate Moss are 30+% under their ideal body weight, along with this, adolescent girls are more afraid of gaining weight than getting cancer, losing their parents, or nuclear war (raderprograms). Research has shown that media exposure to unattainable physical perfection is detrimental to people, especially women, and that the detrimental effects are currently more the rule than the exception (An Intervention for the Negative Influence on Body Esteem 405-418). Negative body image affects all aspects (physical, mental, social, and spiritual) of the body negatively and cause problems like depression, anxiety and social anxiety. Roughly half of the women in the U. S. wear size 14 or larger though most standard clothing retailers only cater to size 14 and smaller (raderprograms). Having a negative body image can be detrimental to a person’s self-esteem; they will always scrutinize themselves in mirrors and be envious to other’s bodies, whether it is celebrities, friends or even complete strangers. Many people with a negative body image will start to diet to control their weight and get it to where they want it to be. At any given time, one in every three women and one in any four men are on a diet (raderprograms). People diet to be thinner and more attractive, to look like people they see in the media. A People magazine survey showed that 80% of female takers felt that women in movies and television programs made them feel insecure about their bodies (raderprograms). The media is very negative towards people who are not as small as models and (most) actresses. The average U. S. model weighs 117 lbs and is 5’11†, while the average U. S. woman weighs 140 lbs and is 5’4† (raderprograms). The media also is a very strong advocate of dieting and especially diet pills. While dieting can be done healthily, some teenagers abuse dieting; 73% of teenage girls who abuse diet pills and 79% of teenage girls who self-purge (the act of forcibly making themselves vomit or abusing laxatives to not absorb calories) frequently read women’s fitness and health magazines (raderprograms). People who diet have an increased amount of depression due to body image and not getting the results they expect. Thirty-five percent of â€Å"occasional dieters† progress into pathological dieting (disordered eating) and as many as 25% advance to full blown eating disorders (raderprograms). Medical researchers believe that 80 percent of all eating disorders started with a diet (The Causes of Negative Body Image). Media causes teens to feel insecure and have low self-esteem. It is one of the leading causes of Eating Disorders in the United States. Eating Disorders affect 10+ million females and 1+ million males (raderprograms). Many teens suffer from eating disorders and it majorly affects a person’s life. â€Å"When you have an eating disorder at a young age, you can’t shake it easily. I’ve suffered with anorexia and bulimia since I was 12 years old, along with severe depression and anxiety disorders. It was largely influenced by the media and the pressure to be thin. You’re always pre-occupied with the voices telling you not to eat this, or not to eat that because you want to be thin, right? It’s always there and it’s hard. You know what you’re doing is wrong, but man does it feel so right. † (Billstein). For females between the ages 15-24 who suffer from anorexia, the mortality rate associated with the illness is twelve times higher than he death rate of ALL other causes of death (raderprograms). When a person develops an eating disorder they may also become addicted to exercise along with restricting calories. Exercise addiction is maladaptive, causing more harm than benefits. People become addicted to exercise in order to be thinner. This is usually paired with an eating disorder or negative body image. A person will exe rcise and burn off every calorie that they have consumed during the day and run their calorie count into the negatives so they do not absorb any calories at all. â€Å"I feel in control of my body when I exercise. I can see exactly how many calories I have burnt out of my body; being able to burn the small amount of calories that I have managed to eat just feels good. † (Billstein). About 10% of gym users have exercise addiction. Another disorder that ties in with eating disorders is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is â€Å"imagined ugliness†, where a person picks apart everything about themselves until their self-esteem is very low, making them susceptible to mood disorders. It is the gateway drug to eating disorders and negative body image, depression, anxiety and other altered mood disorders. 0% of people diagnosed with eating disorders also suffer from BDD. â€Å"When I look at myself in the mirror, I don’t see what other people see. I see a girl with a large forehead, big thighs, a fat stomach and beady little eyes. I hate my body so much that what I see is totally transformed and disgusting. I don’t want to look like this, that’s why I resorted to o ther things that I could control: eating and how much. † (Billstein). When a person has depression, anxiety, eating disorders or other altered mood disorders they may become addicted to unhealthy activities. An unhealthy addiction that many people, teenagers primarily, form is self-harm. It has many names: self-injury, self-injurious behavior, self-abuse, self-cutting, and repetitive self-harm syndrome. It is most often called self-mutilation. Regardless of what name a person uses, it is the intentional destruction or alteration of one’s own body tissue without conscious suicidal intent (How Negative Body Image Affects the Body and Mind). Self-harm consists of any bodily injury whether it be cutting, burning, scratching, picking or preventing the healing of wounds. Individuals self-harm to release pain. Some people say they self-mutilate because they are emotionally numb and it helps them feel something. When cutting, the person feels in control of the pain, while on the inside, they cannot control mental pain from disorders or depression. Those who cut feel a relief afterwards but it gets more intense of an addiction the longer it goes. They experience strong cravings to harm themselves and withdrawals when in recovery. â€Å"I cut because I can control it. I’m not saying that it’s a good thing, but I’m in recovery and I have relapsed. It takes control of your mind; you’re in a sad state when you take that blade to your skin. You have the scars forever to remember the times you’ve been through, but they show strength not weakness. They’re battle scars and they show that you’ve conquered, not been defeated, you’re still alive and here, and that’s beautiful. † (Billstein). 90% of self-injury individuals begin harming themselves during their teen years or younger. (Cutting: Self Injury Facts amp; Statistics). Only 4% of women in the world truly think they are beautiful (raderprograms). There are some positive body image influences in the media including Dove skincare. They have the ‘Real Beauty’ campaign showing moderate to plus size models in a positive atmosphere. There is a drastic difference between Dove’s ‘Real Beauty’ campaign (Figure 1) and Victoria’s Secret’s new ‘Love My Body’ campaign (Figure 2). Some forms of media are only positive to a certain weight group (i. e: ‘Love My Body’ campaign). Women should not be ashamed of their bodies, they should embrace them and show off their best features. â€Å"You’re going to be in this body for the rest of your life, so you might as well learn to like it† (Billstein). Figure 1 (Rana). Figure 2 (McDonell-Parry). Overall, negative body image is a very dangerous issue to have because it can lead to destructive behaviors like eating disorders, low self-esteem, mood disorders, exercise addiction and other unsafe body disorders. When teenagers are put under the pressure of women in the media, they are at a higher risk of developing a negative body image, eating or mood disorders and other unsafe addictions if their bodies are not as slim.

Memory Leak Notification in Delphi on Program Exit

Memory Leak Notification in Delphi on Program Exit All Delphi versions since Delphi 2006 have an updated memory manager that is faster and more feature rich. One of the nicest features of the new memory manager allows applications to register (and unregister) expected memory leaks, and optionally report unexpected memory leaks on program shutdown. When creating WIN32 applications with Delphi it is imperative to make sure that you free all the objects (memory) you create dynamically. A memory (or resource) leak occurs when the program loses the ability to free the memory it consumes. Report Memory Leaks on Shutdown Memory leak detecting and reporting are set to false by default. To enable it, you need to set the global variable ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown to TRUE. When the application is closed, if there are unexpected memory leaks the application will display the Unexpected Memory Leak dialog box. The best place for the ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown would be in the programs source code (dpr) file. begin   Ã‚  ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown : DebugHook 0;   Ã‚  //source by Delphi   Ã‚  Application.Initialize;   Ã‚  Application.MainFormOnTaskbar : True;   Ã‚  Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm) ;   Ã‚  Application.Run; end. Note: a global variable DebugHook is used above to make sure memory leaks are displayed when the application is run in debug mode - when you fit F9 from the Delphi IDE. Test Drive: Memory Leak Detection Having ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown set to TRUE, add the following code in the main forms OnCreate event handler. var   Ã‚  sl : TStringList; begin   Ã‚  sl : TStringList.Create;   Ã‚  sl.Add(Memory leak!) ; end; Run the application in debug mode, exit the application - you should see the memory leak dialog box. Note: If you are looking for a tool to catch your Delphi application errors such as memory corruption, memory leaks, memory allocation errors, variable initialization errors, variable definition conflicts, pointer errors ... take a look at madExcept and EurekaLog Delphi Tips Navigator Date Time SQL Queries: Formatting Date Time Values for Access SQL in DelphiForce TListViews Edit Mode using a Keyboard Shortcut

Price Rigidity in Internet Retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Rigidity in Internet Retailing - Essay Example However, the internet version presents two fundamental ways of understanding price rigidity and the nature of price adjustment .First; it provides a unique technological context for the micro-level study of price-setting behavior and strategies. Second, these technologies are pointed out as major forces in market transformation hence different from initial doings. As a result of the above authors’ concerns, three main research questions arise; The listed research question explicitly address the aim of this article that focuses on reviewing and synthesizing what we know about price rigidity in non-electronic background as well as to discover the extent to which it explains dynamism of price setting as observed in Internet retailing research frame work. Moreover, this paper states research framework as a tool that provides a means to evaluate the observed empirical evidence for price-change behavior in Internet retailing in a manner that emphasizes theory. The authors express their theoretical views and argue that rigid prices occur when prices do not adequately change in response to underlying cost and demand shocks (Anderson, 1994). It identifies Cost of Price Adjustment, Market Structure, Asymmetric, and Information, Demand-Based as the only 4 theories to explain the happenings. These theories are based on underlying assumptions that prices are under the control of and administered by firms, and not subject to the laws of supply and demand and that firm’s pricing practices and consumer behavior are the key determinants. In that regard, they propose a research framework to examine different theories on price rigidity that will be observed in Internet retailing environments at the different levels of analysis covering the firm, the consumer, and the market. The article describes various analyses done. These analyses include; firm-specific level that focuses on Internet retailers strategic pricing capability that enhances organizational

BUSINESS ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUSINESS ETHICS - Essay Example Ethics, after all, encompass wider perspectives of human concerns ultimately affecting business organizations. Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell (2009, 6) define business ethics as â€Å"the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business†. As businesses comprise a greater majority of the world’s human activities, the importance of studying ethics come as a necessity rather than a matter of natural occurrence. Businessmen interact with diverse stakeholders in capacities ranging from employees, creditors, customers, directors, stockholders, government entities, and the community, as a whole. In this regard, they are obliged to abide by a set of standards which guide their actions and decisions in order to protect the stakeholders’ interests which they serve. Accordingly, each professional endeavor is governed by a code of ethics which encompass principles and values of integrity, objectivity, competence, respect and protection of legal and personal rights, confidentiality, nondiscrimination, promotion of wellness, refusal to participate in illegal and unethical acts, following scientific and ethical research procedures and compliance with state and federal laws, among others. Studying business ethics would assist individuals, as part of the organization, to discern their personal values that affect or influence the performance of their required responsibilities. By learning theoretical ethical concepts and their applications in business, individuals are made aware of the need to recognize relationships between legal and ethical decisions. Business ethics discusses the concepts on leadership and management where managerial responsibilities for the conduct of subordinates need to conform to ethical codes for guidance and compliance. The study of ethics give direction to promote the ethical behavior expected of stakeholders in the business setting. It

Gordale beck Essay Example for Free

Gordale beck Essay In general, there is quite a variety in terms of detected total hardness levels for the different areas of Malham. Notably, from Table 1, it can be seen that the area with the highest total hardness is the Rwer air at Gargrare (with 280 ppm) followed by the Gordale spring (with 230 ppm). In relation to this, the lowest readings were from the Malham cove (180 ppm). Incidentally, upon inspection of the Malham area map in figure 2, these three areas were of the closest in proximity with each other. In terms of calcium hardness, the location that registered the highest reading was the Malham tarn outflow (with 210 ppm) while the lowest was from the Gordale beck (with 110 ppm). The resulting total hardness levels indicate that the waters surrounding Malham range from slightly hard (140 to 210 ppm) to moderately hard (210 to 320 ppm). It is evident that an area having high total hardness is not enough reason to assume that it also has high calcium hardness. This is due to the fact that total hardness is determined by the presence of magnesium and calcium and not calcium alone. In fact, the greater the difference between total hardness and calcium hardness, the greater is the resulting value of magnesium hardness. This is a rather simplistic way of determining the magnesium hardness, but it is efficient since methods for separately analyzing magnesium from calcium are not easily done. Table 3 shows the computed magnesium hardness values, which also brings a possible point of error in getting the readings pertaining to the Malham Tarn outflow. There was definitely an error since it is quite impossible for the calcium hardness to surpass the total hardness. To better understand the main factor affecting hardness, a topographic analysis of a certain location must be done, which in the process, determine what types of rocks are present. In various areas of Malham, there is a difference in amount and occurrence of limestone (Gorman n. d. : 1). The presence of limestone dictates the resulting calcium hardness levels since these are mainly composed of calcite or calcium carbonate which disperses into the surrounding passing water. Take note that calcium carbonate is the one measured in tests for calcium hardness. Other points realized from the resulting data are also present. For one, there is no evident correlation between pH and hardness readings. In relation to this, the pH levels still play a role in the resulting hardness since they partially dictate the degree of solubility, but due to the fact that there are other factors at work it does not greatly influence the resulting hardness level of water. Another point observed is in terms of colour endpoints in titration. All samples were violet for calcium hardness and grey for total hardness. The last point observed from the resulting data is in terms of the relationship between absorption and calcium hardness. Figure 2 shows that there is a direct relationship between calcium hardness and absorption reading. Hence, as the absorption reading increases, so does calcium hardness. This is probably due to the fact that absorption readings are enhanced when there are more suspended particles or substances in water. These particles block light better than water alone, hence the greater degree of absorption. List of References Dartmouth College. (2008) Titration [online lab manual] delivered for Chemlab: The Chemistry 3/5 6 Laboratories on 1 October 2008 at Dartmouth College available from http://www. dartmouth. edu/~chemlab/techniques/titration. html [26 March 2009]

The Voice Of Generation X :: essays research papers

'We have been labeled apathetic, lazy, and selfish just to name a few,'; says Josie Mazzaferro in her essay entitled, 'Turned Off by Politics.'; We have been judged in every aspect of society, especially in the political arena. Is there any way for us to clear up these misconceptions given to us by other generations? It seems that the voice of Generation X is silent when it comes to political issues these days. When we talk about politics we often wonder what relevance it has on our lives. Many of us feel that politicians are no longer trustworthy. 'I am not saying that every politician is corrupt,'; states Mazzaferro, it's just hard to believe what he or she says is true when our generation has witnessed such harsh realities involving political figures. For example: the Monica Lewinsky ordeal that involved President Clinton. How are we supposed to trust a President who lies and commits forms of adultery to run our country effectively? Still many X'ers are too consumed in themselves to even worry about who is elected to our heads of state. They either think that their votes will not make a difference, or that the majority of people will vote for the same candidates that have been elected again and again by their name recognition alone. We as Generation X need to elect people that can associate themselves with the issues that affect the people today, and the new issues that will arise tomorrow in order to change the politics in this country. These types of situations make it hard for X'ers to take a stand and voice their opinions. What we need is a new political dialogue that will enable our generation to control more political power in this country. This new political dialogue can only begin if we start to become more interested in what goes on outside of our daily lifestyles, because it's not about us anymore, it's about them, the future generations to come. We as X'ers need to stop being so absorbed in ourselves and focus on issues that will change the future for the better. 'Instead of killing any chance for political debate by framing our values as mere matters of personal taste,'; states John Leo in his essay entitled 'The Unmaking of Civic Culture';. The only way that our generation is ever going to gain any political power in this

Business Administration Level 2 NVQ Unit 1 Questions & Answers Essay

1.1 One of the key codes of practice, guidelines and procedures that are relevant to ones work is proper communication. Others are accepting responsibility for one’s own work and its delivery. Basically one should develop his/her own performance and act in a way that encourages effective working. 1.2 If you are an employee you are accountable to your employer. They have a right to see that your work is up to standard. You may also have a plan to fill in your working day. Companies have to work out costs, and one way to do this is too plan what work the employees will do. There is nothing wrong with this. Companies will charge out your time for each job. This is the norm for garages, engineers or any firm that has a contract rate for work. 1.3 If both sides agree then both sides are happy to fulfil their commitments. It also ensures that both sides understand the situation and what their targets are. 1.4 The targets must be realistic, so that the employee has a good chance of attaining them.  This lets him feel good about himself and allows him to work without stress.  If the targets are set too high, the employee will always be under pressure to do the impossible, will feel a failure and have a dissatisfied boss. 1.5 The first thing to do is to prioritize your work. That is, place the most important job at the top; the least, at the bottom. When judging priorities, you need to do several things: (1) you need to determine what is required. This is the number of jobs that need to be done. (2) You need to figure out what is required 1.6 It is important to keep other people informed about progress because it will helps them know the targets already achieved and what they are to  achieve. This will helps them set up their objectives in order to meet their targets. Furthermore, it avoids duplication of tasks and also promotes motivation among the team players. 1.7 Allows people to be better prepared for work, mentally, physically and tools-wise. It is respectful of the other person’s time to give him or her a good idea of what and how you want them to do something and when they need to start. If these plans change, respect demands that you inform others involved of the changes to these plans. 1.8 The types of problems that may occur during your work are: – computer crashing – work not getting saved – power cuts – photocopier runs out of toner – photocopier runs out paper. 1.9 The ways of seeking assistance with getting help to resolve problems is speaking to someone understanding e.g. Supervisor/Manager and explaining the situation to them in a polite and calm manor and finding a solution to the problem. 1.10 The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes is realising in order not to make the same mistake again, taking the advice given as a learning curve and developing knowledge about something new and different.

Social And Ecological Responsibility Of Business - 1528 Words

Introduction Business ethics in global economic can simply define in terms of social and ecological responsibility of business. According to these definitions, business ethics requires that business decisions should not focused on some of the socioeconomic and cultural of the decision, but also counterproductive in certain socioeconomic. This means that people who work in the business world should consider how their economic decisions affect others people, society, and even the environment. Doing business in China While talking about business ethics in China, we may find some differences in between the Western models. China, of course, is a developing country, and the culture has undergone various changes over recent years. Most†¦show more content†¦This scandal was especially embarrassing to the Sanlu group because it was purportedly such a quintessence of virtue that earned exempt from government food safety inspections since December 2005. The Sanlu Group s infant formula was certified as a national free-inspection product for three years by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ). This certification means that such products exempted from quality monitoring and inspection conducted by the government, and can be added in the award on behalf of outstanding brands. However, the scandal exposed Sanlu failed to detect the chemical Melamine in its baby milk powder formula, but also failed to explain why it did not publ icly reveal the problem immediately but until September 2008. The incident became public only after Fonterra, The Sanlu s New Zealand partner, which holds three seats on the company board. Fonterra informed New Zealand diplomats and reported to the Chinese government officials in Beijing of the problem. This incident shocked the world and pointed to a deeper inquiry in Chinese society where confidential profit often trumps the community as the country races to create a market economy that has outstripped government regulators. The Sanlu Group not only damaged the reputation of China s food exports, but also destroyed the foundation of domestic dairy industry, leading to losing people s confidence in food