Free Essays on Human Resorce Menagement

A Comparison of Training and Development Programs In today’s workforce, preparing and improvement frameworks or projects have become basic highlights. These frameworks regularly have assorted objectives. Maybe, the essential target is to give another worker the abilities important to enough play out their activity. Indeed, even school graduates should for the most part be shown the particular assignments that will be required in the individual association. Improvement issues are likewise unmistakable over the span of an employee’s residency with an organization. At the point when new innovations become accessible the representatives must get preparing so as to gain proficiency with extra aptitudes. Given the various legitimate guidelines by which workers must behave, preparing and improvement in such issues as segregation and suitable direct between the two genders may forestall costly claims. Moreover, via preparing laborers to be socially touchy, they become more qualified to worldwide trade (Stumpf, Watson, and Rust ogi, 1994). Proper techniques for keeping up security additionally gets imperative material in preparing and advancement frameworks in word related workstations that are possibly danger. In this manner, in the case of preparing and improvement comprise of an office or an individual, most associations will decide such a need existing in their organization. Lamentably, a few organizations regularly want to curtail preparing programs despite the fact that the drawn out effect might be unfortunate (â€Å"Feeling Frugal,?2002). The motivation behind this paper is to inspect chosen preparing and improvement programs in different organizations, taking note of positive and negative highlights. Preparing and improvement frameworks don't generally include the workers of an association. It might likewise incorporate the preparation of sellers or clients. No place is this all the more obviously fundamental then in associations that sell muddled or specialized items. While numerous things might be bought with instructional manuals or instructional sheets, other expert... Free Essays on Human Resorce Menagement Free Essays on Human Resorce Menagement A Comparison of Training and Development Programs In today’s workforce, preparing and advancement frameworks or projects have become basic highlights. These frameworks regularly have various objectives. Maybe, the essential goal is to give another worker the abilities important to enough play out their activity. Indeed, even school graduates should by and large be shown the particular assignments that will be required in the individual association. Advancement issues are likewise noticeable throughout an employee’s residency with an organization. At the point when new advances become accessible the workers must get preparing so as to get familiar with extra aptitudes. Given the various legitimate guidelines by which workers must act, preparing and improvement in such issues as segregation and fitting behavior between the two genders may forestall costly claims. Moreover, via preparing laborers to be socially touchy, they become more qualified to worldwide business (Stumpf, Watson, and Rustogi, 1994). Suitable technique s for keeping up wellbeing additionally gets imperative material in preparing and improvement frameworks in word related workstations that are conceivably danger. Hence, in the case of preparing and advancement comprise of a division or an individual, most associations will decide such a need existing in their organization. Sadly, a few organizations regularly want to reduce preparing programs despite the fact that the drawn out effect might be awful (â€Å"Feeling Frugal,?2002). The reason for this paper is to look at chosen preparing and improvement programs in different organizations, taking note of positive and negative highlights. Preparing and improvement frameworks don't generally include the workers of an association. It might likewise incorporate the preparation of merchants or clients. No place is this all the more plainly important then in associations that sell confounded or specialized items. While numerous things might be bought with instructional manuals or instructi onal sheets, other professional...

Essay Writing Guidelines - How to Write a Good Essay

Essay Writing Guidelines - How to Write a Good EssayIf you are considering an essay, you are probably looking for a guideline on what criteria to use for essay writing. Well, there is only one guideline to follow and that is a good essay is always a combination of good research and writing skills. There is no standard way to write a great essay, as each writer has his own style. However, if you want to maximize your essay writing opportunities, you have to prepare yourself by making use of the following guidelines.Before you begin writing your paper, you should choose the topic which will be your subject matter and that will also form the basis of your good essay. You have to choose the topic that is easy to remember, and has some practical relevance. So, if you have decided to write about the art of origami, you have to choose something that is easy to recall and memorize.After selecting your topic, you need to outline your general idea first. You have to establish the focus of your paper in order to avoid redundant ideas. After that, you can start writing your paper, but make sure that the idea you have set down is something you really believe in and has good logic behind it.The next step in preparing a good essay is to choose the appropriate topic which suits your topic of research. You can choose a topic that is related to your subject and the one that has been researched thoroughly. For example, if you are researching about origami, your topic can be origami designs, whereas if you are researching on popular books and literature, your topic can be reading classic literature or the book reviews that you have kept at home.After you have chosen your topic, you can now start organizing your essay. Organizing your essay means that you have to come up with a rough draft and then organize it according to your topic. So, before writing the actual paper, you can review your essay draft and then make alterations where necessary.Another important step in organizing y our essay is to note down all the interesting points that you may want to include in your paper. Make a list of topics that are more interesting than the others, and write down the relevant information. It is important to emphasize these interesting points in your paper.After you have organized the topics and the real points of your paper, you can now compose the body of your paper. Make sure that you list down the important points and write them down in order. It is important to remember that the sentences that you are composing are always longer than the main body of your paper.As you compose your paper, you need to keep reminding yourself to take things slowly. Never rush to finish the paper in a day. Although composing a good essay may be an easy task, you have to use the correct combination of all these guidelines in order to come up with a good essay.

Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution

Heather Toneff 11/13/03 Zapata and the Mexican Revolution The Zapatistas were rebel bunches under the standard of Emiliano Zapata. A man of nearby ties in the territory of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata battled for local people. He started as a free warrior, attempting to recover land that had been unjustifiably and shamefully taken from different local people. These terrains were under the standard of haciendas, and these haciendas were possessed by rich individuals. The possibility that appeared to have developed all through the rule of Dictator Porfirio Diaz was that the rich ought to reserve a privilege to everything so as to be more extravagant and to give a wealthier economy to Mexico itself. Seeing the treachery in this issue, Emiliano Zapata in the end took matters from a state level to a national level. Luckily for himself, Zapata was trusted by his adherents; all things considered, he was one of them. Tragically, Zapata learned in a somewhat hard way that not every person can be trusted, and the individuals who appear to be reliable pre sumably are even more averse to merit trust. Zapata and his adherents can be complimented for their consistent commitment to their motivation, in spite of the fact that not every one of them. Be that as it may, they figured out how to persevere through 10 years of fight, with just around one year of apparently rest and harmony in the satiate of Morelos. Zapata is viewed as the most well known progressive of all in the Revolution. He began with his own states individuals, and with his prosperity and the regard he worked for himself, he had the option to acquire support from different gatherings. Because of redundant surprise to Zapata by the new president Madero, Zapata pulled back all past help to the system and with the assistance of Otilio Montaã ±o, a teacher from Ayala, he and his devotees built up the Play de Ayala (Meyer, 494). This arrangement would end up being the reason for which Zapata and the Zapatistas stood. The Plan de Ayala accommodated agrarian change for the residents and residents that had recently lost them to wealthier substances. This motiv... Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution Free Essays on Zapata And The Mexican Revolution Heather Toneff 11/13/03 Zapata and the Mexican Revolution The Zapatistas were rebel bunches under the standard of Emiliano Zapata. A man of nearby ties in the territory of Morelos, Emiliano Zapata battled for local people. He started as a free contender, attempting to recover land that had been unreasonably and shamefully taken from different local people. These grounds were under the standard of haciendas, and these haciendas were possessed by rich individuals. The possibility that appeared to have developed all through the rule of Dictator Porfirio Diaz was that the rich ought to reserve a privilege to everything so as to be more extravagant and to give a wealthier economy to Mexico itself. Seeing the foul play in this issue, Emiliano Zapata in the long run took matters from a state level to a national level. Luckily for himself, Zapata was trusted by his adherents; all things considered, he was one of them. Lamentably, Zapata learned in a somewhat hard way that not every person can be trusted, and the individuals who appear to be dependa ble most likely are even more averse to merit trust. Zapata and his adherents can be recognized for their steady dedication to their motivation, despite the fact that not every one of them. Be that as it may, they figured out how to persevere through 10 years of fight, with just around one year of apparently rest and harmony in the satiate of Morelos. Zapata is viewed as the most celebrated progressive of all in the Revolution. He began with his own states individuals, and with his prosperity and the regard he worked for himself, he had the option to acquire support from different gatherings. Because of dreary surprise to Zapata by the new president Madero, Zapata pulled back all past help to the system and with the assistance of Otilio Montaã ±o, a teacher from Ayala, he and his adherents built up the Play de Ayala (Meyer, 494). This arrangement would end up being the reason for which Zapata and the Zapatistas stood. The Plan de Ayala accommodated agrarian change for the locals and residents that had recently lost them to wealthier elements. This motiv...

Examine Hobbes proposition that people need governed - Free Essay Example

The debate surrounding our original state of nature or species being has been hotly contested by scholars for centuries and remains a pivotal line of enquiry in contemporary pedagogic circles. In societies across the globe we observe entire populations governed by (religious) laws and practices designed to manage, control and otherwise police the boundaries of individualism whilst accentuating solidarity and protecting the collective norm (Stiglitz 2003). In this essay, we explore the various conceptions that have sought to trace and detail the genealogy of human beings to their primordial or so-called primitive condition, with particular emphasis on exploring Hobbes (2008) proposition that the disposition of human nature is chaos and thus, as humans, we are compelled to forgo our instinctual nature and find sanctuary within the realms of social collectivism and central governance. In this vein, we confront the age-old nature versus nature conundrum; are we social and moral animals by design, altruistic in nature, or does civilisation transpire from egotistical obligation to co-operate in order to thrive. As ever-increasing demands are placed on social-scientific research to maintain pace with an ever-changing world, it is commonplace for scholars to forget the (historical) dictums of our primal beginnings; such investigations are often marginalised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" afforded little time, finance and credence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in a world seeking solutions to contemporary problems (Benton and Craib 2010). Yet, to paraphrase Marx (1991), the ghosts of the past weigh heavy on the minds of the living; understanding our roots may become the greatest social discovery and contribution to forging our future as human beings. Thus, social science, by definition and direction, is arguably obsessed with the social constructs that humans generate, frequently dismissing (perhaps through arrogance) the undeniable fact that we remain animals, imbued with the same instinctual drives and impulses as other species. Indeed, one need only observe the effect of social neglect in the case of feral children, unfettered by societal constraints we return to barely recognisable beasts, uncivilised and unconcerned by social pretentions, decorum, normative expectations and values (Candland 1996). For Hobbes (2008) humankind in its original state of being is an evil scourge upon the earth; a ruthless and egotistical creature perpetuated by self-gain and absolute dominance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a survival of the fittest nightmare (Trivers 1985). Thus, paralleling the works of Plato (2014), he asserts that the individual, possessing the principle of reason, must sacrifice free-will to preserve their ontological wellbeing, acquired resources, property and way of life or what he calls a commodious living (78). As Berger and Luckmann (1991) argue, we willingly accept soc ial captivity as it offers a protective blanket from the otherwise harsh conditions; a remission from the barbarism and bloodshed that transpired previously. This led Hobbes (2008: 44) to assert that people need governed under a social contract or mutual agreement of natural liberty; the promise to not pillage, rape or slaughter was reciprocated and later crystallised and enforced by the state or monarch. Indeed, whilst his belief in the sovereigns traditional (rather than divine) right to rule was unwavering, he was certain that a despotic kingdom would not ensue as reason would triumph over narcissism. In response, Socrates (cited in Johnson 2011) hypothesised that justice was an inherent attribute where humans sought peace as a process of self-fulfilment of regulating the soul not because of fear or retribution; to paraphrase: the just man is a happy man (102). The state would therefore stand as a moral citadel or vanguard against the profane. Similarly, Locke (2014) rejects the nightmarish depiction offered by Hobbes (2008), asserting a romanticised state of natureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" permeated with Gods compassion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" whereby humans seek liberty above all; not individual thrill-seekers but rather banded by familial bonds and communes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a pre-political conjugal society possessing parochial values, norms and voluntary arrangements. However, he also appreciated that, without the presence of a central regulatory organisation, conflict could easily emerge and continue unabated. Hence, humanity ascends into a civil contract, the birth of the political, as a means of protecting the status quo of tranquillity, prosperity and ownership. Similarly, Rousseau (2015) also proposes a quixotic rendition of   humanities social origins, considering such times as simplistic or mechanical (Durkheim 1972) inasmuch as populations were sparse, resources abundant and needs basic, implying that individuals where altruistic by nature and morally pure. Yet, the ascension of state, particularly the mechanisms of privatisation, polluted and contorted humankinds natural state into something wicked that not only coaxed but promoted tendencies of greed, selfishness and egocentrism. In this account, we find strong parallels with Marx (1991), specifically his critique of capitalism, which is conceptualised as a sadistic mechanism tearing humanity from its species-being the world of idiosyncratic flare, enchantment and cultural wonder à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and placing it into a rat-race of alienation (from ones fellow being), exploited labour and inequality. As Rousseau (2015) ably contends: man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains (78). Thus, government and the liberalism it allegedly promotes is a farce, seeking to keep the architectural means to create the social world within the possession of a minority à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this he calls the current naturalized social contract. He calls for a new social order premis ed on consensus, reason and compassion; we must reconnect with ourselves, re-engage with our neighbours and discover who we are as a species. The supposition of our philosophical ancestors is that we require governance as a process of realisation, we are social animals that demand and reciprocate encounters with others; alongside the impulse for sustenance and shelter is the yearning for social contact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" indeed love and belonging are included in Maslows (2014) hierarchy of needs. Yet, within many philosophical transcripts is the deployment of religion as a legitimate form of authority, since antiquity monarchs, pharaohs, dynasties and early tribal formations have claimed power through divine right or approval. In fact, conviction in a celestial realm has pervaded for epochs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" carved in millennia-old cave paintings around the globe (Stiglitz 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and perhaps emerged from an enchanted, speculative and awe-inspired outlook of the world in which our ancestors occupied; religion complemented the life-cycle, delineating the sacred from the profane (Foucault 1975). As Schluchter (1989) argues, later missionaries would propagate their dogma; a prime example of this is the upsurge, dissemination and (even today) domination of Christianity as it overran its pagan predecessors, witchdoctors and mystics. Thus, religion has been attributed with generating social mores, collectivism and ushering the rise of civilisations. Indeed, Elias (2000), details the social evolution of humanity as the animalistic fades to the backstage with the gradual monopolisation of violence and (political) power and presented civil self takes credence. Initially, this was necessary for survival as people became more interdependent and significantly influenced later by the royal courts who became a celebrity-like beacon of perfect decorum and taste. By the 19th century, most of Europe was regarded as civilised whilst other developing pa rts where considered savage lands; the violence, exploitation and subsequent domination of such nations as India and Africa by western societies is well documented (Buckinx and Treto-Mathys 2015). As Elias puts it: people were forced to live in peace (2000, 99). This was also accompanied with the advent of Enlightenment whereby the rule of logic, rationalisation and pragmatism disrobed and effectively dismantled the prevailing supremacy of religion; though religion remains a powerful force in certain cultures and is frequently accompanied with its own medieval brutality. As Anderson (2008) alludes, in Africa and the middle-east, where Christianity, Judaism and Islam prevail and to varying degrees dominate life, purported barbaric acts like (female) genital mutilation, segregation, and (domestic) violence that affects mainly women and public violence and executions are commonplace and sanctioned. Thus, secularisation and the rise of empiricism unshackled humankind from its beast ly beginnings and rehomed them within the embracing idioms of consensus, free-will and reciprocal courteousness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" humans had undergone a transformation or courtisation whereby mannerisms, hygiene and self-restraint became governing tenants, the barbarian was adorned (concealed) with socially acceptable masks, equipped with approved social scripts and the rules of the game à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Goffmans (1990) social actor and his/her presented selves was born. In this conceptualisation,   self-governance or policing is prerequisite for progress and forms the basis for society; enhanced with consciousness we are capable of resisting our impulsive drives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Freuds (2010) Eros and Thantos are forsaken for the greater good à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and creating a utilitarian civilisation. Today, in late-capitalist societies, we live in relative prosperity and peace; the elected government and its respective agencies provide sustenance, infrastructure, healt hcare, protection and political democracy; this template of humanity is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" like our religious proselytisers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" distributed globally, perpetuated by the mass media, globalisation and free-markets (Stiglitz 2013). For Nietzsche (2013), this contemporary worldview was tantamount to emptiness where humanity had escaped their animalistic state of being, finding virtue in religion and will-to-power within to overcome and ascend, but is now found wanting with the demise of faith and contemporary nihilism that has proceeded (his famous God is dead (13) quote). Indeed, he is dismissive of science, philosophical and religious idioms, particularly their totalitarian tendencies which (for him) inhibit, enslave or otherwise surrender life-affirming behaviours; similarities may be drawn with Marx and Engels (2008) critique of religion as the sigh of the oppressed creature (45); religion (like governments or social contracts) demands that individuals relinquish o r capitulate part of themselves; to genuflect the laws, tenets and values that rule. Such things seek to (re)capture or incarcerate our species being within a straightjacket. Therefore, humanity must re-engage their instinctual resolve à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which Nietzsche (2014) regarded as stronger than our urge for sex or survival à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and become supermen (ÃÆ'Å“bermensch) untrammelled by instinct, to find wonder in the fluidity and unpredictability of nature and good conscience by re-evaluating our values, expectations and shortcomings as a species. Namely, a stateless civilisation, unhindered by permanency, premised on the continual refinement of self. Yet, whilst Nietzsche (2014) highlights the stifling effects of dogma, it seems unrealistic to suggest humans are capable of living in constant flux à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" even a war-torn nation offer consistency (Stiglitz 2003) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" insofar as we instinctually seek to structure the surrounding environment in a comprehendible manner; we assign labels, judgements and behavioural codes as we produce order à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" predictability is the precondition for life and offers humans ontological security and wellbeing (Berger and Luckmann 1991). However, given the asymmetrical nature of society, some possess the architectural means to govern others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" reformulated as a form of symbolic violence or barbarism. For example, the credence given to hegemonic masculinities and subsequent denigration and objectification of women or the subjugation of nations to western ideals (Mulvey and Rogers 2015). Moreover, the free-markets offered by capitalism seek to segregate, exploit and captivate masses into a consumerist world of shiny prizes (Marcuse 2002), coaxing our selfish and cut-throat tendencies, whilst so-called liberalist governments attempt to impose their civility globally through violence, bullying and manipulation; a wolf in sheeps clothing (Kinker 2014). So, even unde r the rule of government and presence of civilisations our so-called animalistic (violent) heritage pervades, like a ghostly presence haunting the present. Hobbes (2008) reasons for why individuals need governed to cage our inner beast seems defective. As Walsh and Teo (2014) allude, a major fault with many of the propositions outlined above is the emphasis placed on linearity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" government is seen as a progressive necessity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" rather than appreciating that as social creatures we are capable of creating communities with their own normative flows, ebbs, fluxes and (more importantly) governing ourselves both as matter of necessity or self-preservation and as a means of self-fulfilment or belonging; contemporary modes of practice have become so integrated and reified that finding a parallel alternative or a way back seems implausible. That said, as Browning (2011) argues, in an increasingly interdependent and global world, the requirement for centra lised states seems unavoidable to handle the sheer mass of human activity and to maintain a level of equilibrium; an inevitable course of human progress. This essay has been both illuminating and simultaneously problematic; the proposition of whether humans are capable of cohabiting without the requirement of a state or intervening supra-organisation remains a mystery.   In fact, such an assertion is premised on how one defines the original state of nature; are we barbaric creatures who engage in a social contract for personal gain or are we instinctually social and empathic animals whose predisposition is not only to safeguard our interests but to generate genuine communal bonds and interconnections with others. The latter affords more manoeuvring for alternative (flexible) social figurations without government, where humanity can bask in the wonder of difference, variety and levels of unpredictability, whilst the former finds sanctuary only in the incarceration of h umanity to defined idioms and laws imposed by a centre of authority and power. It is tempting to concede that, despite Hobbes depiction of government as the epitome of civility, on the contrary it appears to be (in this era of modernity) the primary agent of (symbolic) violence and struggle, whether masquerading as a religious, communist or neo-liberal state. Thus, one is reluctant to accept Hobbes assertion that people should be governed by a reified or separate entity. Instead, with a level of Nietzschean sentiment, perhaps people should be permitted and empowered to re-evaluate and govern themselves. Word Count: (2,195) Bibliography Anderson, J. 2008.Religion, State and Politics. Cambridge University Press. Benton, T.Craib, I. 2010. 2ndedition.Philosophy of Social Science: The Philosophical Foundations of SocialThought (Traditions in Social Theory).Palgrave Macmillan. Berger, P.Luckmann, T. 1991.The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge(Penguin Social Sciences).Penguin Press. Browning, G. 2011.Global Theory from Kant toHardtandNegri(International Political Theory).Palgrave Macmillan. Buckinx, B. Trejo-Mathys, J. 2015.Domination and Global Political Justice: Conceptual, Historical and Institutional Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy).Routledge. Candland, D. 1996.Feral Children and Clever Animals: Reflections on Human Nature.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯Oxford University Press. Durkheim, E. 1972.Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, ed. and trans. Giddens, A. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Elias, N. 2000. 2ndedition.The Civilisation Proces s.Wiley-Blackwell. Foucault, M. 1975.Discipline Punish:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯The Birth of the Prison.Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Freud, S. 2010.Civilization and Its Discontents.Martino Fine Books. Goffman, I. 1990.Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.Penguin Press. Hobbes, T. 2008.Leviathan (Oxford Worlds Classics).Oxford Paperbacks. Johnson, P. 2011.Socrates: A Man for Our Times. Penguin Publishers. Kinker, S. 2014.The Critical Window: The State and Fate ofHumanity.Oxford University Press. Locke, J. 2014.Two Treatises of Government.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Marcuse, H. 2002.One Dimensional Man.Routledge. Marx, K. Engels, F. 2008.On Religion. Penguin Press. Marx, K. 1991.Capital, ed. Mandel, E. Volume 3. Penguin Books (Classics): London. Maslow, A. 2014.Toward a Psychology of Being.Sublime Books. Mulvey, L. Rogers, A. 2015.Feminisms: Diversity, Difference and Multiplicity in Contemporary Film Cultures (Key Debates Mutations and Appropriations in European Film Studies).Amsterdam University Press. Nietzsche, F. 2014.Beyond good and evil. Penguin Press. Nietzsche, F. 2013.On the Genealogy of Morals. Penguin Press. Plato. 2014.The Republic. Reprint.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Rousseau, J. 2015.The Social Contract.CreateSpaceIndependent Publishing Platform. Schluchter, W. 1989.Rationalism, Religion, and Domination: A Weberian Perspective.University of California Press. Stiglitz, J. 2003.Globalization and Its Discontents.Penguin Press. Trivers, R. 1985.Social Evolution. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co. Walsh, R.Teo, T. 2014.A Critical History and Philosophy of Psychology: Diversity of Context, Thought, and Practice.Cambridge University Press.

10 Easy-to-Follow Short Story Writing Tips

For those who have never tried it, many think that writing a short story is easier than writing a novel. After all, it’s short, right? Only a few thousand words, not sixty or seventy thousand words like in novels. However, the low word count is what makes writing short stories difficult, especially in fiction where you need to introduce the setting, the plot, and the characters quickly, without the luxury of having the time to lay out complicated backstories. Fortunately, many authors have struggled trying to write short stories. Over time and through experience, they have developed some guidance on how to do it. Here are 10 easy-to-follow tips for writing short stories: 1. The Right Title As with any writer trying to get published, it’s not enough to be a good writer. You also have to get the attention of a publisher or agent who will be interested. That’s why an eye-catching, intriguing title is so important. Avoid one or two-word titles, which may seem like you’re taking the easy way out. 2. Keep a Short Story Short This sounds obvious, but writers tend to go on and on, striving for better scene descriptions or character development. Most short story contests have word limits, but many publications don’t. Experience shows that less than about 3,500 words is best. 3. Think Ahead Given the limited word count, make sure and have some basic information worked out before writing. This allows you to write your fiction tightly and focused. Damon Knight, in his book Creating Short Fiction: The Classic Guide to Writing Short Fiction, recommends that at least four of these five questions be fleshed out before writing: (a) who’s the story about; (b) why are the characters doing what they’re doing; (c) what’s the story about; (d) where’s the story set; and (e) when does it take place? 4. Settings Settings should be lightly developed. No windy paragraphs and pages without end developing the setting, like James Michener does in his fantastic historical fiction. Michener has over a hundred thousand words to work with, and you don’t. 5. Get to It Readers and publisher like stories begin en media res (starting in the middle of the action, rather than from the beginning). This technique words particularly well with short stories, allowing you to parse in the other needed setting information and background as the story continues. 6. Point of View Try to stick to one character’s point of view. If you need more, try not to use more than one in a given scene. Shifting points of view slow down the reader and distract the reader from the story; in short fiction all the reader’s attention is needed due to the sparse scene setting and fast pace. 7. Deep Character Development Short stories simply don’t allow time for thorough character development. There’s no time for peeking into a character’s complex thoughts and complicated motives. 8. Action Since there’s little time for character development, characters are defined by action. Actions can replace words to provide more information about characters. Similarly, dialogue is also a great tool to show more about characters. 9. Active Language Action is important, so use active language to describe it. Avoid the wordy passive phrase, and there’s no time for adverbs ending in â€Å"ly†. For example, a character should â€Å"stalk† someone rather than â€Å"follow slowly†; or â€Å"shout† rather than â€Å"yell angrily†. 10. Finish Strong In short stories, there’s little room for contemplating what has happened or why it has happened. End your short story with a bang. Save the best for last with a dramatic ending that lingers in the reader’s mind.

A Brave New World by Aldoux Huxley - 548 Words

Imagine that by taking one magic pill, you could be at the top of your world. With one pill, you could find complete happiness and unmatched physical fulfillment. In his novel, Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses the drug Soma, to give the characters all of the benefits of fulfillment, both physically and spiritually, yet ironically, as the drug plays out its role, the â€Å"fulfillment† leaves its consumer empty. The drug, Soma, is used almost a comically large amount, as the characters take a gramme anytime they feel like an uncomfortable situation is approaching. In Chapter 3, Henry Foster forcefully pressures Bernard Marx into taking Soma, â€Å"All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects† (Huxley 54). Preceding this, it was agreed by a few of the characters that Marx was looking glum. It was being explained to him how this perfect drug was engineered and it was described as euphoric, narcotic, and pleasantly hallucinant. â€Å"Take a holiday from reality whenever you like, and come back without so much as a headache or a mythology† (Huxley 54). Soma gives you the joy that you would experience through Christianity, or possibly by being drunk, though it only lasts while you are high. Once they come down from the effects of drug, they don’t have any of the symptoms of a hangover, but they return back to the sad, controlled lifestyle that makes t hem want to take Soma in the first place. If the characters are not on Soma, they are just as brainless, if not more

GUCCI brand history free essay sample

1881 Guccio Gucci was born to a family of a straw-hat maker in Florence, Italy. As a teenager he was an immigrant in London. At the end of the 19th ad the beginning of the 20th centuries London attracted a lot of creative and progressive people because it was one of the biggest megacities with urban infrastucture, industrialization and population over one million. Gucci was impressed with the luxurious luggage he saw urbane guests bring with them. 1921 Guccio establishes his own store , that sells fine leather goods of high quality. This decision was supported by the following factors: distinguished materials and skilled artisans and favourable geographical location of Florence (historically, a lot of wealthy aristocratic families dwelled around Florence). Counting on the interest of the nobility in horse-ridding, Gucci started making his products with themes of horse ammunition, and the snaffle became the most recognized symbol of the incipient brand. Benito Mussolini, who came to power, assured: the new government will provide complete freedom of private enterprise and abandon intervention in the private sector [1] and it became a pushing point for private business. 1933 Aldo Gucci, now working for his father, designs the first incarnation of the iconic double-G Gucci logo, inspired by his father’s initials and shape of stirrups. At that time a design school Bauhaus, which combined the principles of modernism and functionalism, influenced many spheres of life. It was a starting point for commercial art and Cucci brand development. 1935 Italian dictator Mussolini orders the invasion of Ethiopia, leading the League of Nations to impose an international trade embargo on his country. Gucci was forced to branch out into other items: shoes, wallets, and belts. Leather supplies are short, so he begins making bags out of a specially woven Tuscan canapa, with a leather trim and printed with the double-G logo. To this day, the diamond-print Canapa bag remains one of the most instantly recognizable Gucci products. 1945 Gucci business survived during times of Word War II due to their inventive and foreseeing policy. At the end of World War II, Gucci’s folding Suiter bags (canapa sacks with a built-in clothes hanger) become popular with the British military officers occupying Rome. 1947 Gucci produces its first iconic bamboo-handled bag. After World War II , countries the world over were rationing resources. That was especially true in Europe, where artisans at Gucci were being pressured to find materials that weren’t subject to restriction to use in their designs. Bamboo cane could still be imported from Japan, and Gucci craftsman developed a patented method to heat and bend the bamboo in such a way that it would retain its shape once cooled and affixed to a handbag. 1949 After war international trade connections are increasing and Gucci represents its brand on European trade fairs. While on a trip to a London trade fair, he meets a Scottish tanner who will provide the brindled pigskin that will become another Gucci trademark. â€Å"The first spotted pigskin was actually a mistake,† fashion journalist Sara Gay Forden will later write.[2] 1952 Legions of wealthy American consumers were eager to spend their new income on status sybols. Gucci’s fine Florentine workmanship and equestrian details offered a taste of the exotic to the women who might only recently have traveled abroad for the first time. Aldo Gucci travels to New York with his brothers, they set up Guci Shops Inc., and open the first American store. The company enters the globalization process. 1953 Guccis founder Guccio Gucci dies and the company is split into three parts among his sons. Despite the conflict, this separation leads to brands further development. 1954 As Rome enters the Dolce Vita era of postwar prosperity (and the jet set descend on the city), Gucci builds a reputation as a favorite of European society. While starring in Roberto Rossellini’s Viaggio in Italia (Journey to Italy), out this year, a young Ingrid Bergman can be seen carrying a bamboo-handled Gucci umbrella and bag. This can be considered one of the first cases of  «product placement » for Gucci. The Gucci house crest becomes a registered trademark. 1960  «La dolce vita  » by Federico Fellini, was hailed as one of the most widely seen and acclaimed European movies of the 1960s.It was nominated for four Academy Awards. This event attracted more public attention to Italian fashion 1962 The New York Times declares Gucci’s bamboo-handled bag as the  «new fashion status symbol »[3]. 1966 Pop culture of 60s finds reflection in Gucci designs. With the help of painter Vittorio Accornero, Rodolfo designs Gucci’s famous Flora silk print scarf for Princess Grace of Monaco, collaborating features of Hippie culture with the demands of upper-class clients. 1967 Aldos son, Paolo designs Gucci’s first ready-to-wear looks in conjunction with a new line of suitcases. 1968 The original Gucci loafer was updated by a destinctive snuffle-bit ornament,and were beeing sold at $35. The shoes became an affordable status symbol, particularly among young female professionals. It was successful marketing step for wide spreading of Guccis trend in public. 1969 Gucci presents its first full ready-to-wear-collection at Rome’s Alta Moda fashion week. 1970 Disco culture gains popularity and affects public lifestyle. Disco clubs and parties dictate their new fashion rules.Gucci expands its ready-to-wear collection to eveningwear. Some fabrics—such as the glittering brown velvet of one minidress—have Gs worked right into them. 1975 Gucci No. 1, the brand’s first scent, debuts- another marketing step to populiarize the the brand. 1985 Due to reduction of brand prestige, the company aim to streamline the production, which is now burdened with a dizzying number of products and licensing agreements. â€Å"We’ve gone from 10,000 handbags a year to something like 700,000.†[4] 1988 The Gucci family sells its estimated 48.7 percent share in Guccio Gucci SpA to Bahrain-based investment bank Investcorp. Maurizio, who retains his 50 percent share, stays on as chairman and primary shareholder. 1990 Tom Ford appeared in the Gucci house, designing menswear, as well as shoes and handbags. 1994 Tom Ford is named a creative director. 1995 Pop culture of 90s tends to bring sexusal and vain images to clothing. Tom Ford has an amazing premonition of lifestyle changings and creates his fall/winter 1995 collection which wins raves from critics for its cool, sexed-up take on 1960s mod—an aesthetic that harks back to Gucci’s salad days. Madonna was weraing one of the Fords silk blouses and velvet hip-huggers MTV Music Awards.Someone asked Madonna on camera what she was wearing and she said:  «Gucci, Gucci, Gucci »[5]. It was a turning point in the Gucci history, the brand became successful after the years of oblivion thanks to Toms talent. 1996 Bernard Arnault’s luxury conglomerate, LVMH, makes a bid to take over Gucci Group. Ford forms a strategic alliance with French holding company Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR). 2003 PPR buys a controlling stake in Gucci Group. 2004 Ford shows his final collection for Gucci. A reviewer calls it  «a fabulous farewell  » [6], PPR announces that men’s and women’s collections will now be designed by a team of three former design assistants—Alessandra Facchinetti for womenswear, John Ray for menswear, and Frida Giannini for accessories. Gucci stores in the United States break their own one-day sales record, pulling in nearly $4 million in a single day. 2005 Weeks after her second show, Alessandra Facchinetti, who stayed close to the Ford look, resigns. Partly as reward for the success of her line of floral accessories done up in the Flora motif Gucci had designed for Princess Grace in the 1960s, Frida Giannini promoted to creative director for women’s ready-to-wear. September: Giannini shows her first collection in Milan. Her feminine silhouettes and colorful prints strike a noticeable contrast to Ford’s sleek, monochrome aesthetic. 2006 Gianni adds another title, creative director of menswear. 2009 The Jackie bag relaunched yet again, this time as the New Jackie. 2011 Gucci opens its own museum inside Florence’s Palazzo della Mercanzia, only steps from the Galleria dell’Accademia, which houses Michelangelo’s David.

Negative Body Image free essay sample

A study showed that women experience an average of 13 negative thoughts about their body each day, while 97% of women admit to having at least one â€Å"I hate my body† moment each day (raderprograms). Teens today are faced with many pressures: how they dress, who their friends are, who they are going to date, and most importantly, what they look like. In today’s society, body image is more than just the mental picture a person has of what their body looks like. For many, body image is also a reflection of how they feel about themselves and their lives. People with a negative body image believe that if they do not look right, other things, such as their personality, intelligence, social skills, or capabilities, also are not right. They think that if they fix their bodies, all their other problems will disappear. This can result in unhealthy weight management practices and an unhealthy relationship with food. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Body Image or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People excessively diet and exercise out of fear of gaining weight. The media today portrays stick thin women with beautiful faces and size 0 bodies, but the truth is, the majority of runway models meet the Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria to be considered anorexic (raderprograms). When influenced by role models like these, teenagers start to feel inferior if they do not look the same. In turn, when put under the pressure of women in the media, teenagers will most likely develop a negative body image, eating or mood disorder, or other unhealthy addictions if they feel their bodies do not â€Å"measure up† to those of women portrayed. Negative body image is a serious issue that can be greatly influenced by today’s media. Body image refers to a person’s feelings about how attractive their body is. Celebrities like Kate Moss are 30+% under their ideal body weight, along with this, adolescent girls are more afraid of gaining weight than getting cancer, losing their parents, or nuclear war (raderprograms). Research has shown that media exposure to unattainable physical perfection is detrimental to people, especially women, and that the detrimental effects are currently more the rule than the exception (An Intervention for the Negative Influence on Body Esteem 405-418). Negative body image affects all aspects (physical, mental, social, and spiritual) of the body negatively and cause problems like depression, anxiety and social anxiety. Roughly half of the women in the U. S. wear size 14 or larger though most standard clothing retailers only cater to size 14 and smaller (raderprograms). Having a negative body image can be detrimental to a person’s self-esteem; they will always scrutinize themselves in mirrors and be envious to other’s bodies, whether it is celebrities, friends or even complete strangers. Many people with a negative body image will start to diet to control their weight and get it to where they want it to be. At any given time, one in every three women and one in any four men are on a diet (raderprograms). People diet to be thinner and more attractive, to look like people they see in the media. A People magazine survey showed that 80% of female takers felt that women in movies and television programs made them feel insecure about their bodies (raderprograms). The media is very negative towards people who are not as small as models and (most) actresses. The average U. S. model weighs 117 lbs and is 5’11†, while the average U. S. woman weighs 140 lbs and is 5’4† (raderprograms). The media also is a very strong advocate of dieting and especially diet pills. While dieting can be done healthily, some teenagers abuse dieting; 73% of teenage girls who abuse diet pills and 79% of teenage girls who self-purge (the act of forcibly making themselves vomit or abusing laxatives to not absorb calories) frequently read women’s fitness and health magazines (raderprograms). People who diet have an increased amount of depression due to body image and not getting the results they expect. Thirty-five percent of â€Å"occasional dieters† progress into pathological dieting (disordered eating) and as many as 25% advance to full blown eating disorders (raderprograms). Medical researchers believe that 80 percent of all eating disorders started with a diet (The Causes of Negative Body Image). Media causes teens to feel insecure and have low self-esteem. It is one of the leading causes of Eating Disorders in the United States. Eating Disorders affect 10+ million females and 1+ million males (raderprograms). Many teens suffer from eating disorders and it majorly affects a person’s life. â€Å"When you have an eating disorder at a young age, you can’t shake it easily. I’ve suffered with anorexia and bulimia since I was 12 years old, along with severe depression and anxiety disorders. It was largely influenced by the media and the pressure to be thin. You’re always pre-occupied with the voices telling you not to eat this, or not to eat that because you want to be thin, right? It’s always there and it’s hard. You know what you’re doing is wrong, but man does it feel so right. † (Billstein). For females between the ages 15-24 who suffer from anorexia, the mortality rate associated with the illness is twelve times higher than he death rate of ALL other causes of death (raderprograms). When a person develops an eating disorder they may also become addicted to exercise along with restricting calories. Exercise addiction is maladaptive, causing more harm than benefits. People become addicted to exercise in order to be thinner. This is usually paired with an eating disorder or negative body image. A person will exe rcise and burn off every calorie that they have consumed during the day and run their calorie count into the negatives so they do not absorb any calories at all. â€Å"I feel in control of my body when I exercise. I can see exactly how many calories I have burnt out of my body; being able to burn the small amount of calories that I have managed to eat just feels good. † (Billstein). About 10% of gym users have exercise addiction. Another disorder that ties in with eating disorders is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is â€Å"imagined ugliness†, where a person picks apart everything about themselves until their self-esteem is very low, making them susceptible to mood disorders. It is the gateway drug to eating disorders and negative body image, depression, anxiety and other altered mood disorders. 0% of people diagnosed with eating disorders also suffer from BDD. â€Å"When I look at myself in the mirror, I don’t see what other people see. I see a girl with a large forehead, big thighs, a fat stomach and beady little eyes. I hate my body so much that what I see is totally transformed and disgusting. I don’t want to look like this, that’s why I resorted to o ther things that I could control: eating and how much. † (Billstein). When a person has depression, anxiety, eating disorders or other altered mood disorders they may become addicted to unhealthy activities. An unhealthy addiction that many people, teenagers primarily, form is self-harm. It has many names: self-injury, self-injurious behavior, self-abuse, self-cutting, and repetitive self-harm syndrome. It is most often called self-mutilation. Regardless of what name a person uses, it is the intentional destruction or alteration of one’s own body tissue without conscious suicidal intent (How Negative Body Image Affects the Body and Mind). Self-harm consists of any bodily injury whether it be cutting, burning, scratching, picking or preventing the healing of wounds. Individuals self-harm to release pain. Some people say they self-mutilate because they are emotionally numb and it helps them feel something. When cutting, the person feels in control of the pain, while on the inside, they cannot control mental pain from disorders or depression. Those who cut feel a relief afterwards but it gets more intense of an addiction the longer it goes. They experience strong cravings to harm themselves and withdrawals when in recovery. â€Å"I cut because I can control it. I’m not saying that it’s a good thing, but I’m in recovery and I have relapsed. It takes control of your mind; you’re in a sad state when you take that blade to your skin. You have the scars forever to remember the times you’ve been through, but they show strength not weakness. They’re battle scars and they show that you’ve conquered, not been defeated, you’re still alive and here, and that’s beautiful. † (Billstein). 90% of self-injury individuals begin harming themselves during their teen years or younger. (Cutting: Self Injury Facts amp; Statistics). Only 4% of women in the world truly think they are beautiful (raderprograms). There are some positive body image influences in the media including Dove skincare. They have the ‘Real Beauty’ campaign showing moderate to plus size models in a positive atmosphere. There is a drastic difference between Dove’s ‘Real Beauty’ campaign (Figure 1) and Victoria’s Secret’s new ‘Love My Body’ campaign (Figure 2). Some forms of media are only positive to a certain weight group (i. e: ‘Love My Body’ campaign). Women should not be ashamed of their bodies, they should embrace them and show off their best features. â€Å"You’re going to be in this body for the rest of your life, so you might as well learn to like it† (Billstein). Figure 1 (Rana). Figure 2 (McDonell-Parry). Overall, negative body image is a very dangerous issue to have because it can lead to destructive behaviors like eating disorders, low self-esteem, mood disorders, exercise addiction and other unsafe body disorders. When teenagers are put under the pressure of women in the media, they are at a higher risk of developing a negative body image, eating or mood disorders and other unsafe addictions if their bodies are not as slim.

Memory Leak Notification in Delphi on Program Exit

Memory Leak Notification in Delphi on Program Exit All Delphi versions since Delphi 2006 have an updated memory manager that is faster and more feature rich. One of the nicest features of the new memory manager allows applications to register (and unregister) expected memory leaks, and optionally report unexpected memory leaks on program shutdown. When creating WIN32 applications with Delphi it is imperative to make sure that you free all the objects (memory) you create dynamically. A memory (or resource) leak occurs when the program loses the ability to free the memory it consumes. Report Memory Leaks on Shutdown Memory leak detecting and reporting are set to false by default. To enable it, you need to set the global variable ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown to TRUE. When the application is closed, if there are unexpected memory leaks the application will display the Unexpected Memory Leak dialog box. The best place for the ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown would be in the programs source code (dpr) file. begin   Ã‚  ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown : DebugHook 0;   Ã‚  //source by Delphi   Ã‚  Application.Initialize;   Ã‚  Application.MainFormOnTaskbar : True;   Ã‚  Application.CreateForm(TMainForm, MainForm) ;   Ã‚  Application.Run; end. Note: a global variable DebugHook is used above to make sure memory leaks are displayed when the application is run in debug mode - when you fit F9 from the Delphi IDE. Test Drive: Memory Leak Detection Having ReportMemoryLeaksOnShutdown set to TRUE, add the following code in the main forms OnCreate event handler. var   Ã‚  sl : TStringList; begin   Ã‚  sl : TStringList.Create;   Ã‚  sl.Add(Memory leak!) ; end; Run the application in debug mode, exit the application - you should see the memory leak dialog box. Note: If you are looking for a tool to catch your Delphi application errors such as memory corruption, memory leaks, memory allocation errors, variable initialization errors, variable definition conflicts, pointer errors ... take a look at madExcept and EurekaLog Delphi Tips Navigator Date Time SQL Queries: Formatting Date Time Values for Access SQL in DelphiForce TListViews Edit Mode using a Keyboard Shortcut

Price Rigidity in Internet Retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Rigidity in Internet Retailing - Essay Example However, the internet version presents two fundamental ways of understanding price rigidity and the nature of price adjustment .First; it provides a unique technological context for the micro-level study of price-setting behavior and strategies. Second, these technologies are pointed out as major forces in market transformation hence different from initial doings. As a result of the above authors’ concerns, three main research questions arise; The listed research question explicitly address the aim of this article that focuses on reviewing and synthesizing what we know about price rigidity in non-electronic background as well as to discover the extent to which it explains dynamism of price setting as observed in Internet retailing research frame work. Moreover, this paper states research framework as a tool that provides a means to evaluate the observed empirical evidence for price-change behavior in Internet retailing in a manner that emphasizes theory. The authors express their theoretical views and argue that rigid prices occur when prices do not adequately change in response to underlying cost and demand shocks (Anderson, 1994). It identifies Cost of Price Adjustment, Market Structure, Asymmetric, and Information, Demand-Based as the only 4 theories to explain the happenings. These theories are based on underlying assumptions that prices are under the control of and administered by firms, and not subject to the laws of supply and demand and that firm’s pricing practices and consumer behavior are the key determinants. In that regard, they propose a research framework to examine different theories on price rigidity that will be observed in Internet retailing environments at the different levels of analysis covering the firm, the consumer, and the market. The article describes various analyses done. These analyses include; firm-specific level that focuses on Internet retailers strategic pricing capability that enhances organizational

BUSINESS ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUSINESS ETHICS - Essay Example Ethics, after all, encompass wider perspectives of human concerns ultimately affecting business organizations. Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell (2009, 6) define business ethics as â€Å"the principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business†. As businesses comprise a greater majority of the world’s human activities, the importance of studying ethics come as a necessity rather than a matter of natural occurrence. Businessmen interact with diverse stakeholders in capacities ranging from employees, creditors, customers, directors, stockholders, government entities, and the community, as a whole. In this regard, they are obliged to abide by a set of standards which guide their actions and decisions in order to protect the stakeholders’ interests which they serve. Accordingly, each professional endeavor is governed by a code of ethics which encompass principles and values of integrity, objectivity, competence, respect and protection of legal and personal rights, confidentiality, nondiscrimination, promotion of wellness, refusal to participate in illegal and unethical acts, following scientific and ethical research procedures and compliance with state and federal laws, among others. Studying business ethics would assist individuals, as part of the organization, to discern their personal values that affect or influence the performance of their required responsibilities. By learning theoretical ethical concepts and their applications in business, individuals are made aware of the need to recognize relationships between legal and ethical decisions. Business ethics discusses the concepts on leadership and management where managerial responsibilities for the conduct of subordinates need to conform to ethical codes for guidance and compliance. The study of ethics give direction to promote the ethical behavior expected of stakeholders in the business setting. It

Gordale beck Essay Example for Free

Gordale beck Essay In general, there is quite a variety in terms of detected total hardness levels for the different areas of Malham. Notably, from Table 1, it can be seen that the area with the highest total hardness is the Rwer air at Gargrare (with 280 ppm) followed by the Gordale spring (with 230 ppm). In relation to this, the lowest readings were from the Malham cove (180 ppm). Incidentally, upon inspection of the Malham area map in figure 2, these three areas were of the closest in proximity with each other. In terms of calcium hardness, the location that registered the highest reading was the Malham tarn outflow (with 210 ppm) while the lowest was from the Gordale beck (with 110 ppm). The resulting total hardness levels indicate that the waters surrounding Malham range from slightly hard (140 to 210 ppm) to moderately hard (210 to 320 ppm). It is evident that an area having high total hardness is not enough reason to assume that it also has high calcium hardness. This is due to the fact that total hardness is determined by the presence of magnesium and calcium and not calcium alone. In fact, the greater the difference between total hardness and calcium hardness, the greater is the resulting value of magnesium hardness. This is a rather simplistic way of determining the magnesium hardness, but it is efficient since methods for separately analyzing magnesium from calcium are not easily done. Table 3 shows the computed magnesium hardness values, which also brings a possible point of error in getting the readings pertaining to the Malham Tarn outflow. There was definitely an error since it is quite impossible for the calcium hardness to surpass the total hardness. To better understand the main factor affecting hardness, a topographic analysis of a certain location must be done, which in the process, determine what types of rocks are present. In various areas of Malham, there is a difference in amount and occurrence of limestone (Gorman n. d. : 1). The presence of limestone dictates the resulting calcium hardness levels since these are mainly composed of calcite or calcium carbonate which disperses into the surrounding passing water. Take note that calcium carbonate is the one measured in tests for calcium hardness. Other points realized from the resulting data are also present. For one, there is no evident correlation between pH and hardness readings. In relation to this, the pH levels still play a role in the resulting hardness since they partially dictate the degree of solubility, but due to the fact that there are other factors at work it does not greatly influence the resulting hardness level of water. Another point observed is in terms of colour endpoints in titration. All samples were violet for calcium hardness and grey for total hardness. The last point observed from the resulting data is in terms of the relationship between absorption and calcium hardness. Figure 2 shows that there is a direct relationship between calcium hardness and absorption reading. Hence, as the absorption reading increases, so does calcium hardness. This is probably due to the fact that absorption readings are enhanced when there are more suspended particles or substances in water. These particles block light better than water alone, hence the greater degree of absorption. List of References Dartmouth College. (2008) Titration [online lab manual] delivered for Chemlab: The Chemistry 3/5 6 Laboratories on 1 October 2008 at Dartmouth College available from http://www. dartmouth. edu/~chemlab/techniques/titration. html [26 March 2009]

The Voice Of Generation X :: essays research papers

'We have been labeled apathetic, lazy, and selfish just to name a few,'; says Josie Mazzaferro in her essay entitled, 'Turned Off by Politics.'; We have been judged in every aspect of society, especially in the political arena. Is there any way for us to clear up these misconceptions given to us by other generations? It seems that the voice of Generation X is silent when it comes to political issues these days. When we talk about politics we often wonder what relevance it has on our lives. Many of us feel that politicians are no longer trustworthy. 'I am not saying that every politician is corrupt,'; states Mazzaferro, it's just hard to believe what he or she says is true when our generation has witnessed such harsh realities involving political figures. For example: the Monica Lewinsky ordeal that involved President Clinton. How are we supposed to trust a President who lies and commits forms of adultery to run our country effectively? Still many X'ers are too consumed in themselves to even worry about who is elected to our heads of state. They either think that their votes will not make a difference, or that the majority of people will vote for the same candidates that have been elected again and again by their name recognition alone. We as Generation X need to elect people that can associate themselves with the issues that affect the people today, and the new issues that will arise tomorrow in order to change the politics in this country. These types of situations make it hard for X'ers to take a stand and voice their opinions. What we need is a new political dialogue that will enable our generation to control more political power in this country. This new political dialogue can only begin if we start to become more interested in what goes on outside of our daily lifestyles, because it's not about us anymore, it's about them, the future generations to come. We as X'ers need to stop being so absorbed in ourselves and focus on issues that will change the future for the better. 'Instead of killing any chance for political debate by framing our values as mere matters of personal taste,'; states John Leo in his essay entitled 'The Unmaking of Civic Culture';. The only way that our generation is ever going to gain any political power in this

Business Administration Level 2 NVQ Unit 1 Questions & Answers Essay

1.1 One of the key codes of practice, guidelines and procedures that are relevant to ones work is proper communication. Others are accepting responsibility for one’s own work and its delivery. Basically one should develop his/her own performance and act in a way that encourages effective working. 1.2 If you are an employee you are accountable to your employer. They have a right to see that your work is up to standard. You may also have a plan to fill in your working day. Companies have to work out costs, and one way to do this is too plan what work the employees will do. There is nothing wrong with this. Companies will charge out your time for each job. This is the norm for garages, engineers or any firm that has a contract rate for work. 1.3 If both sides agree then both sides are happy to fulfil their commitments. It also ensures that both sides understand the situation and what their targets are. 1.4 The targets must be realistic, so that the employee has a good chance of attaining them.  This lets him feel good about himself and allows him to work without stress.  If the targets are set too high, the employee will always be under pressure to do the impossible, will feel a failure and have a dissatisfied boss. 1.5 The first thing to do is to prioritize your work. That is, place the most important job at the top; the least, at the bottom. When judging priorities, you need to do several things: (1) you need to determine what is required. This is the number of jobs that need to be done. (2) You need to figure out what is required 1.6 It is important to keep other people informed about progress because it will helps them know the targets already achieved and what they are to  achieve. This will helps them set up their objectives in order to meet their targets. Furthermore, it avoids duplication of tasks and also promotes motivation among the team players. 1.7 Allows people to be better prepared for work, mentally, physically and tools-wise. It is respectful of the other person’s time to give him or her a good idea of what and how you want them to do something and when they need to start. If these plans change, respect demands that you inform others involved of the changes to these plans. 1.8 The types of problems that may occur during your work are: – computer crashing – work not getting saved – power cuts – photocopier runs out of toner – photocopier runs out paper. 1.9 The ways of seeking assistance with getting help to resolve problems is speaking to someone understanding e.g. Supervisor/Manager and explaining the situation to them in a polite and calm manor and finding a solution to the problem. 1.10 The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes is realising in order not to make the same mistake again, taking the advice given as a learning curve and developing knowledge about something new and different.

Social And Ecological Responsibility Of Business - 1528 Words

Introduction Business ethics in global economic can simply define in terms of social and ecological responsibility of business. According to these definitions, business ethics requires that business decisions should not focused on some of the socioeconomic and cultural of the decision, but also counterproductive in certain socioeconomic. This means that people who work in the business world should consider how their economic decisions affect others people, society, and even the environment. Doing business in China While talking about business ethics in China, we may find some differences in between the Western models. China, of course, is a developing country, and the culture has undergone various changes over recent years. Most†¦show more content†¦This scandal was especially embarrassing to the Sanlu group because it was purportedly such a quintessence of virtue that earned exempt from government food safety inspections since December 2005. The Sanlu Group s infant formula was certified as a national free-inspection product for three years by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ). This certification means that such products exempted from quality monitoring and inspection conducted by the government, and can be added in the award on behalf of outstanding brands. However, the scandal exposed Sanlu failed to detect the chemical Melamine in its baby milk powder formula, but also failed to explain why it did not publ icly reveal the problem immediately but until September 2008. The incident became public only after Fonterra, The Sanlu s New Zealand partner, which holds three seats on the company board. Fonterra informed New Zealand diplomats and reported to the Chinese government officials in Beijing of the problem. This incident shocked the world and pointed to a deeper inquiry in Chinese society where confidential profit often trumps the community as the country races to create a market economy that has outstripped government regulators. The Sanlu Group not only damaged the reputation of China s food exports, but also destroyed the foundation of domestic dairy industry, leading to losing people s confidence in food

Essay on Does Antigone Deserve To Be Punished - 742 Words

Xiaoqing Shi Dr. Henry Bayerle Classics 102Q 25 November 2011 Does Antigone Deserve to Be Punished? Antigone has been acclaimed as a model that challenges authority and insists on just acts. However, according to Aristotle, a tragedy requires a man’s harmartia, which means error. Therefore, as a main character of a great tragedy, Antigone must possess flaws. Antigone’s self-certainty is one of her mistakes that contribute to her tragic fate. She regards burying dead people as absolute just behavior under any circumstance. This rite is important in Ancient Greek culture, but weather or not gods desire appropriate arrangement of Polyneices’ body is under question. It is Zeus that brings death to Polyneices because†¦show more content†¦The conditionality of burying the dead shows that gods’ law is less sacred for Antigone than she claims to be. Neither does she care about her living families. She humiliates Ismene publicly, causing Creon’s death indirectly and set her uncle Creon in a dilemma where he ne eds to punish his daughter-in-law. Her real incentive is individual reputation, for she excludes Ismene from standing by her and asks Ismene to spread the news about her defiant act. She seems to use religion and family as elegant reasons to achieve honor. On the contrary, Creon, as a king, weights the interest of the overall state more than his own family. After experiencing the civil war caused by Polyneices, he understands the great need of the polis for order and thus enacts harsh laws to punish people causing riots. Unanimous obedience to law would also encourage his people to fight bravely in the war by being â€Å"loyal and dauntless at his comrades’s side†. Creon has to retain the validity and effectiveness of the law, because if every citizen can pursue any personal interest without fear for grave consequences, the entire social operation mechanism would break down. Punishing Antigone is necessary to retain the order of the polis. If we assume that A ntigone’s action is absolutely just, her strategy to execute justice still lacks insight. She isolates herself by rejecting Ismene’s companionship. Nor does she mention her fiancà © Haemon in the play. HerShow MoreRelatedThe Four Main Characters In The Tragedy Of Antigone858 Words   |  4 Pagesfall. The main conflict of the story occurs between King Creon and Antigone. Creon’s decrees that Polyneices was a traitor who fought against his city and because of that, his body should not be buried and be left out in the open for the animals to do whatever they please. Antigone does not agree with Creon’s decree because Polyneices was her beloved brother who was the one being punished. Antigone argues that Polyneices deserves to be buried not only because he was family, but because he too foughtRead MoreCreon : The Tragic Hero In SophoclesAntigone886 Words   |  4 Pagesis clearly effective in Sophocles’ Antigone which is about a young woman’s will to do what is right by the Gods. Also, according to Aristotle, â€Å"a tragedy can arouse twin emotions of pity and fear only if it presents a certain type of hero or heroine who is neither completely good nor completely bad† (â€Å"What is† 739). He or she must also be â€Å"highly renowned and prosperous,† have a tragic flaw, learn a lesson, and suffer greatly (â€Å"What is† 739). Therefore, in Antigone by Sophocles, Creon is the tragicRead MoreAnalysis Of Civil Disobedience In Antigone1078 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks are getting in trouble for their acts of civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is refusing to follow certain laws as a form of political protest. In Antigone, written by Sophocles, Antigone rebels against the laws of Creon and buries her brother, Polynieces, when everyone was ordered not to. Modern day people around the world like Antigone are also defying laws. Women in Saudi Arabia who went driving when laws forbid them to and they got into a lot of trouble with the government, Israelis whoRead MoreEssay about Antigone1326 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone; The Tragic Hero nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Antigone is a classic work that never ceases to be analyzed by critics and students around the world. The debate over who is the real tragic hero of Sophocles’ play Antigone is a topic that is heavily discussed. To this day there is still no agreement. Some people believe that Antigone is the real tragic hero of this tragedy, while others believe that the hero is in fact her uncle, Creon. It is logical to say that Antigone is the tragicRead MoreAntigone And Creon As A Tyrant1452 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone takes place just after a war between Antigone’s two brothers, Eteocles and Polynices. Eteocles fought on the side of Thebes whereas Polynices resembled an invader. Afterwards, Eteocles is buried and seen as honorable. However, Polynices is denied a proper burial because he is considered a traitor to Thebes. In this play, Sophocles uses Antigone and Creon as foils by characterizing Antigone as a martyr and Creon as a tyrant to urge the read er to realize that one’s own morals are more significantRead MoreGender Roles In Antigone1547 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone, gender roles are a major conflicting theme throughout the entire play. The setting of the play was written during the Greek mythological days, around 442 B.C. During these days, men were dominant and held all of the power, so women were automatically treated as less. Antigone and Creon portray the conflicting sides between male and female, and Ismene and Haemon portray opposing sides to Antigone and Creon’s actions. Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon each show differencesRead More The Relationship between Gods and Mortals in Mythology Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagespower for both gods and mortals. For instance, in Sophocles tragedy, Antigone, justice prevails over king Creons actions. He sentences his own niece to death for giving her deceased brother, a pronounced enemy of Thebes, a proper burial. In return for his rig id ruling he loses his wife and son to tragic deaths. Creon puts his own city?s justice before the determined justice of the gods, and pays dearly for it. Antigone also receives justice for her actions even though she dies. She did goRead MoreAnalysis Of Sophocles The King Of The Thebes 979 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Army betrays our country to side with terrorists and other enemies in attempts to take over America, but is killed in t battle. Does that general deserve a proper burial that is usually given to regular armed service men and women? That’s basically the same situation that King Kreon is put in at the beginning of Antigone. Throughout Sophocles’ Antigone, Kreon, the king of the Thebes, has good intentions, but remains stubborn and inflexible to the outcries of his own family, the unhappinessRead MoreSophocles Antigone Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles’ play â€Å"Antigone† illustrates the conflict between obeying human and divine law. The play opens after Oedipus’ two sons Eteocles and Polyneices have killed each other in a civil war for the throne of Thebes. Oedipus’ brother in law Creon then assumes the throne. He dictates that Eteocles shall receive a state funeral and honors, while Polyneices shall be left in the streets to rot away. Creon believes that Polyneices’ body shall be condemned to this because of his civil disobedience andRead MoreWhat Makes The Best Type Of Person Is The Most Honest And Good?1358 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history humans have both depended on and struggled with both manmade and religious beliefs. Beliefs of which have allowed our understandings of life, power, and civilization. Stories of Gilgamesh written by Herbert Mason, Sophocles Antigone, and Thucyides by Paul Woodruff date back from as early as 420 BC. These stories demonstrate the meaning of life and the purpose of civilization. Civilizations of which, have been built around justice. T he best type of person is an admirable one. The

Video Games Video Game Violence - 1502 Words

Anthony Cook Mrs. Martin ENG 1113-1 16 April 2013 Video Game Violence The evolution of video games has taken a drastic change since the 1970’s when video games were first introduced. Since then every decade video games have become more violent in nature with strong language and realistic to suit society today. Craig Anderson states that with more violence in video games they would sell better than games with less violence (Anderson, Gentile, and Beckley pg.5). Violent video games really became popular when the first person shooter games were invented so that we could see through the eyes of the player, as if we were really experiencing it. Society wanted better graphics and games as time went on new technology was invented and society matured in electronics. This meant that for game creators would have to come up with something better selling than the last. Creators would make the games more violent and more realistic each time so that way they can keep the interest of their consumers. Each game would increase in blood or gor e slowly, but what really got consumers to buy their games would be the update of graphics in the consoles or games. This is due to the drastic changing of technology and the maturing of consumers wanting better and newer violent video games. Violent video games can cause children to behave violently if not correctly supervised. Violent video games can desensitize children. Studies show that most video games in today’s society contain some type ofShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Violence : Video Games892 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Game Violence On December 14, 2012, a twenty year old boy named Adam Lanza shot twenty children and six staff at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Before arriving to the school, he shot his mother then committed suicide after the shooting. The reports say that he was influenced to shooting others by the video game â€Å"Call of Duty†. Video game violence is defined as a behavior including physical violence intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something impacted by videoRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The issue of video game violence seems to be a hot topic right now after several shootings have occurred and made a connection to the shooters being video gamers. In looking at past research it is apparent that there seems to large amounts of research that contradict one work to another. Although I would have been interested in conducting a poll of the publics opinion regarding the use of violent video games and their connection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the researchRead MoreVideo Games and Violence1011 Words   |  4 Pagesare probably millions and billions of video games sold every year to people. Some people seem to believe that violence correlates directly with video games. Video games are something that is usually a big interest in people at the ages of 13 to 19 years old. Video games usually start off as a little fun and then turn into a major hobby for some people. Emotions change based on whatever happens while a person is engaging in these games most of t he time. These games are another way to observe how peopleRead MoreVideo Games Violence664 Words   |  3 PagesUNV - 104 August 11, 2013 Video Games and Violence Video games and violence have different effects on children according to the type of video games that is being watched It is important to understand the world of video games. All video games do not prevent violence in children. Parents should take into consideration in monitoring their child while choosing video games. Depending on the video game that is chosen, does not mean the child will result in violent behavior later on in lifeRead MoreVideo Games and Violence1981 Words   |  8 Pagesconcerned about violent video games due to the increased reality in the games. However, society may not realize how children and teens are affected by these games. In modern times, children and young adults are affected by violent games in a negative way by causing changes in their behavior. The average American child watches 28 hours of television a week and by the age of eighteen will have seen 16,000 murders and 200,000 violent acts (Gallagher). People who defend violent games like to po int out thatRead MoreThe Violence Of Video Games971 Words   |  4 PagesMost kids today play video games to entertain themselves and it’s their hobby. Today kids and even young adults play games like Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), Call of Duty, and Fallout 4. All three of these games were one of the top games of their respective year of release. What do they all have in common? They depict violence in a way that its becoming more realistic every year they’re sequels are released. But what’s up with people blaming video games for mass shootings and other heinousRead MoreVideo Games and Violence942 Words   |  4 Pages Video Games and Violence Awe entering in more advanced society of technology, video games has become a popular source of entertainment among us. Almost all of us has rented or owned a video game and we have spent hours playing it. As we all know, video games have become the second most popular form of entertainment after television; the source of entertainment is proven to be violent. Excessive playing of video games has a huge impact on our life as well asRead MoreDo Video Games Contribute For Video Game Violence?1170 Words   |  5 Pages Do video games contribute to video game violence? I will discuss why video games do not contribute to youth violence, what types of warnings are given by video game companies, and what flaws exist in studies that suggest a correlation between violence and gaming. As the sales of video games have risen in recent years, some groups claim that violence in these games has caused violent behaviors among young players. However, this argument bears little factual evidence supporting such a connection

Movie Tehcniques Free Essays

Film, what do you think of when you hear that word? A motion picture is simply a series of still pictures shown quickly so they stimulate motion. But a film can be so much more than that. It can tell a story, inform people of news, or educate. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Tehcniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now A film can surprise, aggravate, and inspire the imagination. Some of the necessary skills to analyze how images are constructed, how they create meanings, and how they affect us help us to better understand film as a whole. Throughout the class we watched several films each displaying some different techniques used throughout the films. These techniques help provide a dynamic approach to discover the different meanings that the viewer can receive from the film. In Buster Keaton’s Sherlock Jr. made in 1924, the specific film technique that best stands out is mise-en-scene. Mise-en-scene is the composition or what’s in the scene or frame. This technique includes long take, long shot, and moving camera. A specific example of a scene from the film that illustrates mise-en-scene is when Sherlock Jr. (Buster Keaton) is riding on the handle bars of the motorcycle that the theater manager, Gillette (Ford West) is racing around through town on (154). Sherlock Jr. is unaware that Gillette has fallen off and he is performing crazy stunts while on the handle bars with no driver. One of the extreme stunts that he performed is when the motorcycle appears to cross a bridge that is open so it looks like he could plummet to the ground, but just as he is crossing the gap two trucks pass underneath him filling the gap and he safely makes is across. From this account, this powerful scene shows mise-en-scene perfectly. The camera is taking a long take which means that the camera is taking a single unbroken shot that can be moving or stationary. In this case the camera is moving with the action which shows moving camera. The scene also fills long shot which is a shot that shows the full human body, and the camera is also showing the background behind Sherlock Jr. while he racing around town performing crazy stunts. This technique is used to help keep this silent American comedy interesting and the audience intrigued throughout the performance that Sherlock Jr. is presenting. In Sergei Eisenstein’s 1926 film, Battleship Potemkin, the specific film technique that stands out is montage. Montage is different than mise-en-scene instead of long take, long shot, and moving camera it is a sequence of quick shots, showing a condensed series of events. The individual shots put together to cause and emotional or intellectual reactions to the audience. Eisenstein believed that film montage could create ideas or have impact beyond the individual images. He wanted to represent perceptions powerfully more than emotions directly (172). A specific example of a scene that illustrates montage very well is the Odessa Steps scene. In this scene, the Tsar’s soldiers march down a seemingly endless flight of steps in a rhythmic, machine like fashion. While walking down the steps they are shooting into the crowd of town’s citizens creating a traumatic massacre. There were several victims including an older woman trying to stop the soldiers but she is stabbed with a knife. The next shot is of a young boy that was killed and his mother was protesting for them to help her because her boy had been hurt, but they didn’t even listen and shot her. The next shot flashes to a mother holding onto a baby carriage but she is shot. As she falls to her death she knocks the carriage down the steps. The camera continues to show the carriage tumbling down the stairs and then zooming in on the wheels of the carriage and it quickly plummets down the steps. During these main shots, there were quick shots of other town citizen’s dying and scurrying to get away. This seven minute scene just showed complete and utter chaos. Montage is used for the Odessa Step scene because it allows Eisenstein to manipulate the audience’s perceptions of time by stretching out the crowd’s flight down the steps. The rapid progression and alteration of images in the sequence gives the audience just a piece from a dreadful nightmare. This sequence of montage sets up the audience to rise up against oppression and the Tsar government. In Orson Welles 1989 film, Citizen Kane, the specific film technique that stands out right from the beginning is mise-en-scene. As explained earlier mise-en-scene is what the director decides to put into the film frame such as lighting, the setting, costume, and the movement and actions of figures appearing within the film. The scene that shows the most powerful and significant mise-en-scene is the first flashback scene set at Charles Foster Kane’s (Orson Welles) childhood home. The scene begins showing Kane in the background, while in the foreground, his parents (Mary and Jim Kane) and Mr. Walter Parks Thatcher (George Coulouris) are discussing his future. Kane appears visually trapped within the frames of a window, foreshadowing the way in which he will be â€Å"trapped† into Mr. Thatcher’s guardianship. During the scene, they show a close up of Kane’s facial expression and they fade out to reveal the sleigh, Rosebud, which he was happily playing with moments before. The beginning scene of the flashback of Kane’s happy childhood being given into the hands of Mr. Thatcher illustrates mise-en-scene very well. The scene provides a great example of deep focus, which is the drama within the frame. The director focuses on the foreground with his mother signing the papers, the father in the middle by the door, and young Kane outside the window. The use of mise-en-scene keeps the audience intrigued into who Kane was referring to when he was dying and asked for rosebud. They continue to use long take, long shot, and at the end the moving camera reveals what Rosebud was. By not revealing that Rosebud was the sled from his child hood right from the beginning, the audience stays curious as to who Rosebud really was. In Stanley Donen and Gene Kelly’s 1951 film, Singin’ in the Rain, the specific film technique that stands out is mise-en-scene. When mise-en-scene is applied to film it means everything that is present before the camera, which includes arrangement of props, actors and sets. During the entire film, mise-en-scene was shown through performance of the main characters Don Lockwood (Gene Kelly), Kathy Seldon (Debbie Reynolds), Lina Lamont (Jean Hagen) and Cosmo Brown (Donald O’Connor). These characters would often express their emotions through song or dance. One example of a scene that shows mise-en-scene thoroughly is when Don Lockwood performs the song, â€Å"Singing in the Rain. † The scene starts with Don Lockwood kissing Kathy Selden on the doorstep of the house. This starts off as a long shot before zooming into a close up of the two kissing and they are both under Lockwood’s umbrella, which is a crucial prop for the entire scene. There is a constant rain throughout the scene, which is acknowledged by Kathy who states â€Å"This California dew is just a little heavier than usual tonight,† before she goes back inside. Don then waves away the waiting taxi which has been visible since the start of the scene. Don begins to sing the opening of â€Å"Singing in the Rain. † He then shuts his umbrella and begins dancing down the street, filled with a mixture of houses and shops with displays on the window. Don interacts with almost all of the props like the light pole on the sidewalk and the puddles of water on the road. Two people rush past him hiding under a newspaper, while he dances around them giving them a cheerful wave. Throughout his performance, Don carries an umbrella as some kind of dance partner, and at one point using it as an air guitar. This technique is used in the movie to allow the audience to use the performance to perceive different perceptions and meanings of the images and sound. Mise-en-scene in this specific scene with Don creates a different effect, leaving the audience with a feel good moment. Everyone lives in a different reality and that is why people enjoy watching films. They give insight into the worlds of others. Film directors do their best to portray their characters’ lives and make them as believable as they can. They do this through the different film techniques to help describe the way that meaning is created throughout the film. Many help set up the realism with costumes, setting and performance, while others use a series of quick shots to condense space, time and information. Even though film is just a story or event recorded by a camera as a set of images, when shown to an audience the meanings created helps them to better understand the films overall. How to cite Movie Tehcniques, Papers

Intolerance in pakistan free essay sample

Pakistan is a developing country and a sovereign, Islamic republic as well as an Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and colonial secular laws. The Constitution of Pakistan provides for fundamental rights, which include freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of information, freedom of religion, freedom of association, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and the right to bear arms. The founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a moderate secular state blended with some Islamic values and principles. Nevertheless, Pakistans status as an Islamic Republic should not be confused or compared with other Islamic Republics in the region, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran. Unlike Iran, Pakistan is not a theocracy, but rather an Islamic democracy. Elections in Pakistan regularly take place on time and are mostly free and fair. Most of Pakistans laws are secular in nature, most of which were inherited from the United Kingdoms colonial rule of modern-day Pakistan before 1947. In recent times, there has been increasing pressure on Pakistan to amend or replace some of its outdated laws made during the time of the British Empire. Unfortunately, human societies are not inherently tolerant. Indeed, small hunter- gatherer and even early agrarian communities were not even diverse. Thus tolerance was not always a human reaction to the outsider, the ‘Other’. It was a virtue which grew as civilization became more complex because of war, trade and migration. This ‘tolerance’ was contingent upon the acceptance of the predominance of the politically ascendant group. It was probably an outcome of security rather than insecurity. A besieged civilization is generally a paranoid civilization looking for enemies within and without to blame for failures Intolerance Intolerance can be defined as unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from ones own. Unfortunately intolerance is growing day by day in Pakistani society and its consequences are very severe. It is the root cause of many other social evils. We will analyze the major types of intolerance prevailing in our society , there consequences and then will discuss how intolerance can be minimized. Religious intolerance in Pakistan Soon after its independence in 1947 Pakistan faced many problems. The first calamity that struck this country was the demise of its founder Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the vacuum which was created after Jinnah’s death could not be filled; it caused many problems for the new born state particularly about the future of Pakistan. Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a state where people from all religion, cast or creed will be treated equally, and their religious beliefs will have nothing to do with the business of the state, which he cited in his illustrious presidential address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on August 11, 1947. However, not all the people were thinking similar to Jinnah, as they had their own aims. A majority in this category was the religious fanatic class, who at first opposed Pakistan movement but later after the creation of Pakistan they became part of it, but that was not all, the newly born state of Pakistan seemed like a good opportunity to these religious opportunists class to propagate and bolster their own agenda under the umbrella of religion because bulk of the masses of this country were unaware of the consequences of blind following these clerics, and these people of Pakistan were a bull’s-eye of religious blackmailing. With the passage of time Jinnah’s idea of a Muslim state was overshadowed by the pattern of the state propagated by clergyman. The onset of cold war and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan gave a threshold to Mullahism in Pakistan. That time military dictator General Zia ul Haq assured his full support to the extremist religious organizations inside Pa kistan for the purpose of â€Å"Jihad† against Soviets in Afghanistan. During his tenure the recruitment of Jihadis from all over the Pakistan and their training through the platform of these religious organizations (in collaboration with CIA) gained peak, thus strengthening extremism roots in our society. However, after Zia the failure of other civilian governments to control these radical religious groups led to an atrocious situation. As an aftermath of past governments unconditional support to these religious organizations today Pakistan is suffering from religious extremism and intolerance more than ever, the sectarian violence in this country is at its peak, killings of sectarian leaders for the purpose of gaining more influence over the other sect is a common practice these days. Pakistan has  seen an unprecedented rise in religious intolerance since last five years, from the assassination of Governor Punjab alleged of blasphemy to the present day case of a 13 year old Christian school going girl, who was accused of blasphemy only because she misspelled the Urdu word â€Å"Naat† which looked like the word â€Å"Lanat† after being misspelled in her class test. The girl was expelled from the school by the principal on the complaint of her teacher, who should have known that a 13 year old young kid can make such types of mistakes unintentionally. Moreover, her prosecution was demanded by local Mul las and they waged protests to file a case against the young girl accusing her of blasphemy. These events draw the horrible picture of our society which shows that how acutely the Mullaism and religious intolerance has settled itself in to Jinnah’s Pakistan. Islam is a religion of peace and love it preaches the respect and welfare of Humanity, rather than killings and prosecution of non-Muslims just because of the reason that they live in a Muslim state and they differ from us in their beliefs, so their any unintentional action is portrayed as blasphemy, which is considered as solid evidence to kill them. The recent brutal killings of people from Shiite sect in Quetta is another horrifying example of religious intolerance. The rising negative role of religious extremists is acting as a pandemic in our society; these people have narrow minds, radical beliefs and sectarian agendas which are only in their own favour and are largely harmful to our society. The growing activism of such organizations are alarming which can be seen quite often in variety of fields particularly in educational institutions where religious and so called â€Å"student organizations† are actively working. In the public sector universities they have strong hold from where a large number of recruitments take place. Students who are suppose to study are playing in hands of these organizations by wasting their time, money and carriers after being trapped by these people as a member of some religious student organization. They are indoctrinated and then used for the implementation of their organizational agenda either through protests, strikes or even by use of violence all in the name of Islam. Pakistan is a country where quality education is rare; people are used to of blind following and there is a great dearth of awareness among people about misuse of religion. It is the need of the hour that as an individual and as well as a society we shall raise awareness among people against such propagandas and for the welfare of our country by using all possible means, we need to claim back the Jinnah’s Pakistan which endorses tolerance, peace, love and equality rather than a country plagued by intolerance, hatred, sectarianism and fanatic mentality indoctrinated by those who have already hijacked the ideal state of Pakistan and camouflaged themselves as religious shepherd. It is up to Pakistanis to decide how much or how little religious tolerance may prevail in the society. Will Pakistan continue to be a country where Sikhs are prevented from praying, Ahmadis and Shias are slaughtered in and en-route to places of worship, where shrines of patron saints are destroyed by sui cide bombers, or where foreign aid workers are abducted for ransom. Or will it be a country where religious pluralism, as was envisioned by Jinnah, Pakistan’s founding father, would flourish? Intolerance Breeds hatred Every society consists of various groups following different faiths, ideologies, sectarian beliefs and social and political adherences. In some cases, there is a majority which dominates the society and makes attempts, either by force or by persuasion, to integrate these different groups into its fold. In such a scenario the majority believes that only by uniting all groups can society grow strong and defend itself from internal and external dangers. This creates conflict and instead of uniting, the society further fragments and breaks into pieces. This is what is called tyranny of the majority and its intolerance toward differences and diverse opinions. In other cases the majority makes efforts to understand the existence of different groups in its fold; it adopts the policy of tolerance and allows them to express their views freely. The outcome of both policies are quite different. In case of tolerance, creativity flourishes and blossoms. Finding no discrimination or prejudices, art, literature, music and other expressions of culture are produced which  transform it into a progressive and multicultural society. In case of intolerance, the elements of creativity are strangled and minority groups, feeling insecure and deprived, fail to contribute socially, politically, and economically. We have the example of the Jews in the Western society. As long as they were persecuted, their contribution to Western civilisation was limited to trade and commerce. When the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizens was passed after the French Revolution, the Jews were also granted equal rights. When Napoleon conquered Germany, he also liberated the Jews who were forced to reside in ghettos and were not allowed any commercial activities outside the ghettos. Once they were free, they emerged as the most creative group who contributed not only in trade and commerce but also in art and literature, philosophy, and science. Nazi Germany suffered intellectually and culturally as a result of its anti-Jew policy. Most of the leading Jews left Germany and settled in different European countries or the USA. Germany was deprived of their talents and their adopted countries benefited from their presence. History shows that those countries which followed the policy of intolerance suffered economically, socially and culturally. When the Arabs conquered Spain, which they called al-Andalus, they formed a multi-religious and multi-cultural society consisting of Muslims, Jews and Christians. This created a sophisticated society based on an enlightened philosophy that richly contributed to art and architecture. The vast store of Greek learning reached the West via Arab translation. There was no persecution of Christians. However, all this changed when in 1492 the combined forces of Castilian and Aragon defeated the last Moorish kingdom of Granada and expelled the Muslims and the Jews. They were given the option to either convert to Christianity or leave the country. Thus followed a trail of tears. The Jews left and made efforts to settle in European countries where they were constantly harassed and terrorised. The Muslims settled in North African Muslim states and some of them became  pirates to take revenge against the Europeans by plundering their trading ships. Those who converted were harassed by the Inquisition and tried on mere suspicion of following their old religion. It changed the whole cultural fabric of Spain. Although it became a part of the Holy Roman empire it slowly lost its cultural vitality and became backward.